This topic entails the following:
- A nursery bed
- A nursery bed and a seed bed
- Reasons of establishing nursery bed
- Suitable site for nursery bed
- Nursery bed preparation
- Nursery bed management practices
- Transplanting seedling crops from nursery bed
- Budding a seedling
- Grafting a seedling
- Reasons for budding, grafting and layering
- Tissue culture
- Damage caused by animals to a seedling and prevention.
The following relevant questions and their answers in this topic will greatly help and motivate the user to comprehend and understand the required concepts and practices.
- Name three methods of grafting that are used in propagation of plants
- State two practices done during hardening-off of seedlings in a nursery bed.
- List two methods of budding used in crop propagation
- List four management practices carried out on a nursery bed
- Outline two importance of tissue culture in crop propagation
- Differentiate between a nursery bed and a seedling bed
- Give four advantages of under sowing in pasture production
- Give four advantages of under sowing in pasture production
- The diagram below shows a structure used in crop production:
(a) Identify the structure above
(b) Give a reason for carrying out each of the following practices in the structure shown above
(i) Pricking out
(ii) Hardening off
(c) State three importance of the part labeled A in the above structure
- (a) Describe the siting and establishment of a crop nursery
(b) Explain management practices in a crop nursery
- State four importance of thinning seedlings in the nursery bed
- State the difference between a seedling bed and a seedbed.
- Below is a diagram of a nursery for raising the seedlings
(a) State two advantages of having the part labeled J
(b) State any three management practices that should be carried out on the nursery from the time
seedlings emerge to the stage of transplanting
CROP PRODUCTION III
NURSERY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
- three methods of grafting that are used in propagation of plants
- Whip are tongue grafting
- Side grafting
- Approach grafting
- Bark grafting
Notch grafting
- two practices done during hardening-off of seedlings in a nursery bed.
- Gradual removal of shade
Gradual reduce of watering
- two methods of budding used in crop propagation (1mk)
- T-budding
- Top budding
- Paten budding
- four management practices carried out on a nursery bed (2mks)
- Watering
- Shading
- Pest an disease control
- Weed control
- Mulching
- Hardening off
- Pricking out (1/2×4=2mks)
- Two importance of tissue culture in crop propagation
- Propagate pathogen free plants
- Appropriate soil depth
- Soil looseness
- Should be weed free
– Soil moisture content improved
- – A nursery bed is a portion of land specially prepared to raise seedlings before transplanting while a seedling bed is a specially prepared portion of land for receiving pricked out seedlings from the nursery bed Mark as a whole (1 mk)
- Four advantages of under sowing in pasture production
- Amino acids/protein synthesis
- Formulation of enzymes and hormones
- Increase oil content and hormones
- Needed for formation of chlorophyll
- Aid in nitrogen fixation in legumes
Needed in carbohydrate metabolism
- Four advantages of under sowing in pasture production
- Amino acids/protein synthesis
- Formulation of enzymes and hormones
- Increase oil content and hormones
- Needed for formation of chlorophyll
- Aid in nitrogen fixation in legumes
Needed in carbohydrate metabolism
- (a) The structure is a nursery
(b) Reason for carrying out each of the following practices in the structure shown above is:-
- Pricking out – to avoid overcrowding /allow seedling to grow strong and healthy transfer seedlings from one nursery to another
- Hardening off – To prepare seedlings to ecological conditions in the main field/reduce transplanting shock
(c) Three importance of the part labeled A in the above structure (1/2 x 3= 1 ½ mk)
- To reduce the amount of water through vaporization
- To modify nursery temperature
- To reduce the impact of raindrops/hailstones hence minimizing damage on seedlings
- Reduce splash erosion
- Reduce the scorching effect in the seedlings
- Reduce the scorching effect in the seedlings
- a) – Sitting crop nursery
- Good soil fertility
- Security against destruction
- Accessibility
- Should be near source of water
- Topography should discourage water logging (1×5=5 mks)
b)- Establishment
- Prepare fine filth
- Add manure or fertilizers to the nursery
- Sterilize soil against soil borne pests/ diseases
- Shade the nursery bed
- Ensure nursery is 1m wide
- Plant seeds in drills and cover with light soil layer (1×5=5 mks)
- b) Management practices
- Mulch to conserve moisture and suppress weeds
- Water regularly in the morning and afternoon
- Pricking – remove excess seedlings and transfer to another nursery or use polythene sleeves
- Weed control – done by hand uprooting
- Pest and disease control – use clean seeds and apply chemicals as recommended
- Hardening off – Done by removal of shade
- 1 week to transplanting to make seedlings survive after transplanting
- State four importance of thinning seedlings in the nursery bed
- To control spread of pests and diseases
- To create space far other seedlings
- To avoid competition for light, nutrients
- Allow rapid growth of seedlings/vigorous(1/2×4=2mks)
- Seedling bed is where overcrowded seedlings from the nursery bed are transferred while
seedbed is the final land where planting materials are raised until they are ready for harvesting.
- a) two advantages of having the part labeled J
- To reduce the amount of water loss through evapo- transpiration
- To modify the temperature
- To reduce the impact of the raindrops thereby minimize the damage of seedlings/ reduce splash
- Retaining water
- b) Management practices carried out on the nursery from the time the seedlings emerge to stage of transplanting
- Proper watering
- Controlling weeds
- Hardening off
- Pricking out
