Christian Religious Education CRE KCSE 2020/2021 Question

FORM ONE WORK

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION TO CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 1

PAST KCSE QUESTIONS ON THE TOPIC

Explain the different ways in which Christians in Kenya use the bible to

spread the Good news.

Give the consequences of sin according to genesis 3:11
What are teachings of the Genesis stories of creation?
Give five reasons why reading the bible is important to Christians.
Explain the different ways in which Christians in Kenya use the bible to

spread the good news.

Identify five responsibilities given to human beings by God in the Genesis

stories of creation

a) State the responsibilities given to human beings in Genesis Chapter

1 and 2.

b) Outline the lessons that Christians learn about work from the Genesis

stories of creation.

c) How can Christians care for God’s creation today?
a) Give reasons why Christians read the Bible.
b) With reference to the Genesis stories of creation in Chapter 1 and 2 outline

the attributes of God.

c) What are the consequences of breaking taboos in traditional African

Communities?

a) Outline the differences in the two accounts of creation in Genesis 1 and 2.

(10 mks)

b) From the story of the fall of human beings in Genesis chapter 3, state the

effects of sin. (6 mks)

c) Identify any four causes of evil in Kenya (4mks)
a) Give reasons why the Bible is referred to as a library (5mks)
b) Outline five effects of the translation of the Bible into local

Languages. (10mks)

c) State five ways through which the church is spreading the

word of God in Kenya. (5mks)

Identify the books referred to as the Apocrypha.
Explain the effects of the bible translation into African languages in Kenya
State the various occasions during which the bible is used in Kenya.
Explain the problems Christians face in the work of evangelization.
Identify the literacy forms used in the bible
State the Biblical causes of sin.
Why is it important for Christians to obey god?
State ways in which Christians use the print media to spread the gospel
What makes man the most important of all that was created by God?
State the problems faced by Bible authors.

CHAPTER TWO

FAITH AND GOD’S PROMISES

DEFINITION OF FAITH

PAST KCSE QUESTION ON THE TOPIC

Describe ways in which Abraham demonstrated his faith in God
Outline the promises of god to Abraham
Describe five actions from the life of Abraham which show his faith in

God.

List five animals used in making of the covenant between God and

Abraham.

State the promises that God and Abraham
a) State the characteristics of the covenant between God and Abraham.

(10mks)

b) Explain the importance of God’s covenant with Abraham. (10 mks)
c) What lessons do Christians learn from the incident when Abraham was

willing to sacrifice his son Isaac? (5mks)

Describe the covenant between God and Abraham
Identify the circumstances under which covenants were made in the traditional

African society.

Name five modern covenants
What was the importance of the covenant made between God and Abraham?
Name any three covenants made in the Old Testament.
Why Abraham is called the father of faith?
Explain the importance of circumcision of Abraham and his descendant
From the Mt- Mariah experience explain what Abraham and his descendant
From the Mt-Mariah experience explain what Abraham learnt about God’s nature
Narrate the call of Abraham
What can Christian learn from the call of Abraham?

CHAPTER THREE

MOSES AND THE SINAI COVENANT

PAST KCSE QUESTIONS ON THE TOPIC

Outline the qualities of god learnt by the Israelites during the making of the

Sinai covenant.

Describe ways in which God demonstrated his mercy to the Israelites at Mt.

Sinai

Explain the stages followed in the making of the Sinai covenant.
List the qualities of Moses shown during his call at Mt. Sinai
Identify five lessons that Christians learn about God from the call of

Moses.

State five ways in which God revealed himself to the Israelites at Mt.

Sinai.

Give the values that a Christian can learn from the call of Moses.
Describe how the Israelites worshipped God before the Babylonian exile.
Explain the conditions given to the Israelites during the renewal of the

Sinai covenant.

State five ways in which God’s power is demonstrated in the deliverance of

the Israelites from Egypt to the promised land.

Give five lessons why Moses was not willing to go back to Egypt after his

call.

List five commandments given to the Israelites that teach on how to relate

to one another

What problems did Moses face as he led the Israelites during the Exodus?
a) Outline the activities carried out by the Israelites on the night of the Passover.

(5 mks)

b) Give five reasons why the exodus was important to the Israelites.

(10mks)

c) How do Christians show their respect for God? (5 mks)
Give the events which took place on the night of the Exodus.
Give similarities between the Jewish Passover and Christian Easter
Identify ways in which the Israelites showed lack of faith during the Exodus.
Describe ways in which Moses showed his obedience to God
Give ways in which the Israelites disobeyed the Ten Commandments.
Give lessons why God made a covenant with the Israelites at Mt.Sinai
Explain what the Israelites understood about God from the Exodus experience.
Why should Christians live by the laws of God?
Describe the call of Moses.

CHAPTER FOUR

LEADERSHIP IN ISRAEL

PAST KCSE QUESTIONS ON THE TOPIC

Explain ways in which injustice can disrupt peace in society.
Give five activities of King Jeroboam that made the Israelites in the

Northern Kingdom turns away from God.

Give reasons why the Northern Kingdom of Israel was destroyed before the

Southern Kingdom of Judah.

Identify five ways used by the Israelites kings to bring people back to God
Explain the duties of Prophet Samuel
Explain the factors that led to the failure of David’s successors.
Explain the failures of King Saul
Give reason why the Israelites demanded for a king
State the achievements of Solomon as king of Israel.
In what ways did David’s promote the worship of god?
Explain why Samuel was opposed to kingship in Israel.
Explain why David was the most successful king in Israel.
Explain the importance of the temple in Jerusalem in the religious lives of the

Israelites.

State the role of Judges in Israel.
Outline the promises given to King davit
Discuss the qualities modern leaders should have form the example of David.
Explain how King Solomon turned away from the covenant way of life .
Name nine Judges in Israel.
Explain five challenges that the Israelites faced during the period of Judges.

CHAPTER FIVE

LOYALTY TO GOD: ELIJAH

THE SPREAD OF IDOLATRY IN ISRAEL

PAST KCSE QUESTIONS ON THE TOPIC

What circumstances led to the contest between Prophet Elijah and the

Prophets of Baal at Mt. Carmel?

Explain the circumstances which led to the spread of idolatry in Israel
What were the characteristics of the Canaanites religion?
State five challenges that prophet Elijah faced in Israel
Describe the problems faced by prophet Elijah in Israel.
State five practices of idolatry during the time of Prophet Elijah
a) Describe the nature of the Canaanite religion. (10 mks
b) Identify ways in which King Jeroboam contributed to religious schism

between Judah and Israel. (4 mks)

c) What life skills do Christians need to use in order to fight corruption in

Kenya today? (6 mks)

a) Describe the contest between prophets of Baal at mount Carmel

(1^st Kings 18:17-40). (7mks)

b) Give four conditions that made it difficult of Prophet Elijah to stop idolatry in Israel. (8mks)
c) Identify five qualities of Prophet Elijah that a Christian leader should possess. (5mks)
What did the Israelites learn about the nature of God from the Mt.Carmel

Contest?

List down some forms of corruption in our society today.
Name the signs used by God to show his power over Baal’s during the time of

Elijah.

In what ways did Jezebel and Ahab break the covenant way of life in Naboth’s

case?

Why is idol worship condemned in the Old Testament?
What is the relevance of Elijah’s prophetic mission to the Christians today?
Give reasons why Elijah was forced to escape from Israel.
Identify the lessons one would learn from Mt. Carmel contest.
Identify seven forms of idolatry that threaten Christianity today.
Identify and explain three life skills that Elijah used to fight corruption in Israel.

CHAPTER SIX

AFRICAN RELIGIOUS HERITAGE, AFRICAN CONCEPT OF GOD

PAST KCSE QUESTIONS ON THE TOPIC

a) What was the significance of the Traditional African initiation rites?
b) Explain the role of the sponsor during Traditional African circumcision

Ceremonies.

Explain the modern factors affecting the Traditional African heritage.
a) Explain the reasons why myths are important in traditional

African communities.

b) Explain how the rites connected with initiation into adulthood express

traditional African beliefs in life after death.

c) Give the responsibilities of the living to the ancestors in the African

traditional communities.

Explain the reasons why traditional African communities offer sacrifices.
Explain the methods of disciplining errant members in traditional African

Communities.

Explain the methods of disciplining errant members in traditional African

Communities.

Give five reasons why the newly initiated young men lived together in a

community for some time.

.8. state five ways in which people in the Traditional African Communities

helped bereaved families

Identify five occasions when oaths were administered in traditional

African communities.

Give five reasons why initiated young men lived together in a community

for some time.

Give reasons why oaths were administered in traditional African

Communities

Give reasons why oaths were administered in traditional African

Communities

Outline ways through which a marriage partner is chosen in

Traditional African Communities

a) What changes have taken place in the rite of initiation in Kenya today?

(8 mks)

b) Identify moral values taught to the youths during initiation to

adulthood in traditional African communities. (6mks)

c) Identify the factors that are undermining the role of elders in Kenya

today (6 mks)

a) Identify practices in traditional African communities that show their

belief in life after death. (8mks)

b) Identify moral values taught to the youths during initiation to

adulthood in traditional African communities. (6mks)

Why was courtship important in Traditional African Community?
Explain the importance of dowry in modern society?
Explain five roles of a diviner in the Traditional African society.
Outline ways in which traditional African communities show respect for unborn

child.

In what ways did the traditional Africans maintain their relationship with the

ancestors?

Give the similarities found in African myths
What was the role of rainmakers in the African community?
Explain how wealth was acquired in African Traditional Society.
Explain the conditions under which divorce may be allowed in African

Traditional society.

FORM TWO WORK

CHAPTER ONE

GOD MEETS US IN JESUS CHRIST

LUKES GOSPEL

OLD TESTAMENT PROPHECIES ABOUT THE COMING OF THE MESSIAH

NATHAN ‘S PROPHESY

PAST KCSE QUESTIONS

Explain ways in which Jesus fulfilled Old Testament prophecies on the Messiah.
State the Jewish expectations concerning the Messiah
Describe Nathan’s prophecy about the Messiah.
Give the prophecies about the Messiah found in psalms 41: 19 and 110:1-2
Describe Jeremiah’s prophecy about the Messiah.
On the prophecies about the coming of the Messiah, what picture does prophet

Isaiah present of the servant of Yahweh?

In which ways are church leaders preparing the people in the society for the

coming of Jesus?

Explain the role of John the Baptist.
How does the New Testament portray Jesus as he promised Messiah?
Identify ways in which Jesus fulfilled the prophecies of the suffering servant of

Yahweh according to Isaiah.

CHAPTER TWO

THE INFANCY AND EARLY LIFE OF JESUS .

THE BIRTH OF JOHN IS ANNOUNCED

PAST KCSE QUESTIONS ON THE TOPIC

Explain ways in which the birth and life of Jesus were to be extraordinary

according to the annunciation of his birth.

In what ways did Jesus observe the religious practices of the Jews?
List five Jewish ceremonies in which Jesus was involved in.
State five Jewish ceremonies in which Jesus was involved in.
With reference to the visit of the angle Gabriel to Mary state five

Revelations about Jesus Christ.

With reference to the incident when Jesus was dedicated to God at the age

of forty days outline what Simeon and Anna revealed about his life?

What lessons do Christians learn about family relationships from the

incident when Jesus accompanied his parents for the Passover festival?

a) Outline the message of angel Gabriel to Mary in Luke 1: 26-38

(8mks)

b) Explain what the magnificat reveals about the nature of God. (8mks)
c) Identify six qualities shown by Jesus when he accompanied his

parents to the temple at the age of twelve. (6mks)

Outline the qualities of John as described by angel Gabriel to Zechariah.
Why was John referred to as the second Elijah?
What lessons do Christians learn from the annunciation of the birth of John the

Baptist?

What lessons can a Christian learn from the annunciation of the birth of Jesus?
Describe the birth of John the Baptist.
Identify the main ideas in the magnificent
Describe the birth of John the Baptist
Identify the main ideas in the Benedictus.
Describe the dedication ceremony during the infancy of Jesus.
Outline the angel’s message to Zechariah.

CHAPTER THREE

JOHN THE BAPTIST AND JESUS.

PAST KCSE QUESTIONS

Write down five teachings of John the Baptist about Jesus Christ.
Mention different occasions when Jesus was tempted?
Identify five occasions in the life of Jesus when he was tempted?
Identify five occasions in the life of Jesus when he was tempted
State the differences between the work of John the Baptist and that of Jesus

Christ.

a) Describe the temptations of Jesus in the wilderness before he begin his

public ministry. (8mks)

b) What lessons do Christians learn from the temptations of Jesus? (5mks)
c) Identify problems faced by new converts in the church today. (7mks)
a) Describe the baptism of Jesus in river Jordan by John the Baptist in Luke

3:21-22 (5mks)

b) Outline four teachings of John the Baptist in Luke 3:21-22. (5mks)
c) Why are Christians finding it difficult to apply the teachings of John the

Baptist in their lives today? (7 mks)

Give reasons why Jesus accepted to be baptized.
From the gospel according to St. Luke, identify five occasions when Jesus was

Tempted

Outline ways in which Christians can overcome temptation in the contemporary

world.

Explain the lessons for Christian’s baptism
Describe the baptism of Jesus?.
What us the relevance of John the Baptist teaching to Christian today?
Explain ways in which Christians can be tempted today
Describe the temptations of Jesus

CHAPTER 4

THE GALILEAN MINISTRY

JESUS REJECTION AT NAZARETH

PAST KCSE QUESTIONS

In what way is God’s power demonstrated in the healing miracles of Jesus?
Give five lessons that a Christian can learn about the nature of Jesus from the incident when he cast out a demon from the man in a synagogue at Capernaum.
Give the reasons why Pharisees were referred to as hypocrites by Jesus.
Identify five ways through which Jesus prepared the disciples for his coming death.
What should be the qualities of an evangelist in Kenya today?
a) Outline what Angle Gabriel revealed about John the Baptist when he

announced his birth to Zechariah. (6 mks)

b) From the story of the early life of Jesus up to twelve years, identify ways

through which he is seen as coming from a poor background.

(8mks)

c) Give reasons why children should take part in church activities (6mks)
Give reasons why Jesus used parables
Discuss the reasons why Jesus faced oppositions from the Jewish religious leaders
Identify various methods used by Christians in spreading the gospel today
Relate the miracle in which Jesus cast out evil spirit from a man at Capernaum
Explain ways in which the disciples of Jesus showed their support to his ministry.
State the obstacles Christian’s leaders face as they do their work.
Explain why Jesus was rejected in Nazareth his home town
State the lessons that Christians learn about Jesus in his temptations in the wilderness
Give reasons why many people still reject the good news.
Identify the qualities of the disciples according to Jesus.

CHAPTER FIVE

SOME WORKS AND TEACHINGS OF JESUS THE HEALING OF THE

CENTURION’S SERVANT

PAST KCSE QUESTIONS ON THE TOPIC

What was the importance of transfiguration to the ministry of Jesus?
Discuss the teachings of Jesus in the parable of the sower.
With reference to the life ministry of Jesus identify activities which show that He was a worker
What was the significance of the transfiguration of Jesus to His disciples?
Identify actions which show that Jesus loved the needy
Relate the story of the feeding of the five thousand.
List five lessons Christians learn about Jesus from the miracles of healing
Give five qualities of the Roman Centurion who requested Jesus to heal his servant.
What lessons fid the disciples of Jesus learn from the miracle of the feeding of the five thousand?
State reasons why Jesus healed the sick.
Outline the story of the raising of the widow’s son at Nain
Identify ways through which the church continues with the healing ministry of Jesus Christ.
Describe the healing of the Garasene demoniac in Luke 8: 26-39 (8mks)
Narrate the parable of the lamp under a bowl.
What lessons do Christians learnt from the parable of a lamp under a bowl?
How can Christians share their spiritual knowledge?
Describe the incident when Jesus’ true family came looking for him
What lessons do Christians learnt from the story of the family of Jesus?
What were the major themes brought out in the parable?
Describe how Jesus calmed the storm
State Jesus teaching about forgiveness from the account of the adulterous woman
Give an account of the feeding of the 5000
Describe the person of Jesus and his destiny.

CHAPTER SIX

SOME MAJOR TEACHINGS OF JESUS THE JOURNEY TO JERUSALEM DUTIES AND PRIVILEGES OF DISCIPLES

LUKE-9:51-62

What is the New Testament teaching on prayer?
Why do some Christians find it difficult to pray?
State the teachings of Jesus on how a Christian should approach god in prayer.
Explain the duties and privileges of disciples
What lessons can Christians learn from the teaching of Jesus on discipleship?
What lessons can Christians learn about being committed followers of Jesus?
How did Jesus encourage his disciples to overcome hypocrisy?
Identify three practices that Jesus criticized the Pharisees about.
Why did Jesus condemn the teachers of the law?
Why is it important for Christians to pray?
Explain Jesus’ teachings on prayer
Identify the problems that Christian encounter today in their commitment to

Christ.

What is the relevance of Jesus’ teaching on discipleship to Christians today?

CHAPTER SEVEN

THE KINGDOM OF GOD

PAST KCSE QUESTIONS

With reference to the parables of Jesus explain his teachings about the kingdom of

God

What five lessons can a Christian learn from the parable of the prodigal son?
With reference to the story of the rich man and Lazarus, explain the

teachings of Jesus on responsibility to others.

How five parables used by Jesus to teach about kingdom of God

from the parables of the yeast and the mustard seed..

List five parables used by Jesus to teach about the kingdom of God.
List five teachings about kingdom of God from the parables of

the yeast and the mustard seed.

Why do some Christians find it difficult to share their wealth with

others?

Give reasons why Jesus used the parable of the last son in his

teaching.

Explain how the gap between the rich and the poor can be minimizes in the

society

Why should a Christian share his wealth?
Narrate the parable of the prodigal son
Narrate the parable of the rich man and Lazarus
State the lessons that a Christian can learn from the parable of the rich man and

Lazarus.

Explain ways through which Christians show concern for the suffering in society.
Narrate the parable of the widow and the unjust judge.
In what ways do people misuse their wealthy?
Discuss Jesus teachings on wealth.

CHAPTER EIGHT

JERUSALEM MINISTRY

Describe the triumph entry of Jesus into Jerusalem.
Explain the cleansing of the temple
Give an account of the question about Jesus authority.
Give an account of the parable of the tenants
Evaluate the questions about the messiah
Why did Jesus drive out the merchants from the temple using a whip?
What is the relevance of Jesus teaching on eschatology to Christians?
Why did Jesus weep over Jerusalem?
Outline the predictions that Jesus made about the end times.

CHAPTER NINE

THE PASSION, DEATH AND RESURRECTION OF JESUS

PAST KCSE QUESTIONS ON THE TOPIC

Give reasons why Jesus used bread and wine during the last supper
Outline the actions taken by the Jewish leadership to ensure that Jesus was

put to death.

What lessons can a Christian learn from the actions of Pilate during the trial

of Jesus?

How did the resurrected Christ reveal Himself to his followers?
Give five reasons why it was necessary for Jesus to have the last super with

his disciples.

Outline the preparations that Jesus made for the last supper
Identify the reasons that made Judas Iscariot to betray Jesus.
a) Outline the events that took place on the Mount of Olives before the arrest

of Jesus. (7mks)

b) Give reasons why Peter denied Jesus. (8mks)
c) Why is the death of Jesus important to Christians? (5mks)
a) How did Jesus celebrate the last supper with disciples? (7mks)
b) Outline the lessons that Christians learn from the incident when Jesus went to pray with his disciples on the Mount of Olives. (5mks)
c) Give four reasons why the disciples found it difficult to believe that Jesus had resurrected. (8mks)
Give reason why the resurrection of Jesus is important to Christians.
Give the names given to the Lord’s Supper.
Why did Pilate agree to have Jesus crucified
How did Jesus prepare for His death?
State the actions taken by Jewish leaders to ensure Jesus was put to death.
Explain the preparations made for the last supper by the disciples of Jesus.
Give reasons why Christians celebrate the last supper.
Give reasons for the behaviour and reactions of the Jewish leaders to Jesus.
Give reasons why Peter denied Jesus
Explain the event that took place between the arrest and burial of Jesus.
Explain how events on the cross fulfilled the Old Testament prophecies.

FORM 3 WORK

CHAPTER ONE

THE GIFTS OF THE HOLY SPIRIT

PAST KCSE QUESTIONS ON THE TOPIC

Write down five activities of the church in Kenya, which show that the Holy

Spirit is working among Christians

Write down five teachings about Jesus from Peter’s speech on the day of

Pentecost

State the teachings of Saint Paul in (1 corn 13) about love
State five ways in which the gifts of the Holy Spirit have been abused in

the church .today

List five spiritual gifts given to the church according to Saint Paul
Ways in which Peter’s life was transformed on the day of Pentecost-Acts
Outline the teaching of Jesus on the role of the Holy Spirit
With reference to the day of Pentecost, outline Peter’s message to the

People

Explain how the use of the Holy Spirit brought disunity in the

Church at Corinth (6 mks)

a) State ways in which the Holy Spirit brought disunity in the church today?

(6 mks)

b) How are the gifts of the Holy Spirit misused in the church today? (6 mks)
Identify the fruit of the Holy spirit taught by Saint Paul in Galatians 5: 22-23 (5mks)
State the fruits of the Holy Spirit
In what ways do Christians today use the fruits of the Holy spirit to spread the Gospel
In what ways did the Holy Spirit manifest himself on the day of Pentecost?
Explain how the use of the Holy Spirit brought disunity in the church at Corinth.

CHAPTER TWO

UNITY OF BELIEVERS

PAST KCSE QUESTIONS ON THE TOPIC

Identify five causes of disunity in the early church.
Explain the factors that prevent effective church co-operation in Kenya.
Explain the factors that prevent effective church co-operation in Kenya.
Give reasons why Christians in Kenya should work in unity
a) In what ways was the celebration of the Lord’s supper misused in the

Church at Corinth.

b) Give reasons why Christians take part the Holy Communion
a) Explain what the teaching of Jesus about the vine and the branches in John

15:1-10 reveal about the unit church in Kenya today. (7mks)

What symbolic titles do Christians use to describe their unity?
In what ways are the people of God described (1 peter 2:9-10)
Outline the New Testament teaching on unity of believers as the bride
Explain the vine and the branches as a symbol of unity of believers.
Identify ways in which the unity of believers is expressed in the concept of the body of Christ.

CHAPTER THREE

SELECTED OLD TESTAMENT

PROPHETS AND THEIR TEACHINGS

PAST KCSE QUESTIONS ON THE TOPIC

Discuss how Jesus fulfilled the old testament prophecies about the messiah
Why did the prophets of the old testament condemn the way the Israelites

Worshipped.

With reference to the Old testament outline the characteristics of a true

Prophet.

Explain the role of prophets in the Old Testament.
Describe the characteristics of the false prophets in the old testament ( 7 mks)
(a) State three differences between prophets in the Old Testament and

Traditional African communities (6 mks)

(b) Outline the various ways through which the Old Testament prophets communicated their messages to the people.

Explain ways in which prophets of God were important in the life of the nation of Israel.
What lessons can Christians learn from the lives of old testament prophets
Identify the various ways through which the Old testament prophets communicated their messages to the people
Give features of false prophets in Israel

CHAPTER FOUR

AMOS

PAST KCSE QUESTION ON THE TOPIC

State the sins that were condemned by prophet Amos
List five visions that Amos saw concerning the coming judgment on the

People of Israel.

Give reasons why prophet Amos was against the way the Israelites

Worshipped God.

(a) State the teachings of prophet Amos about the day of the lord (8 mks)

(b) How can Christians assist the church leaders to perform their duties effectively?

(5 mks)

How is the church promoting social justice in Kenya today? ( 6 mks)
(a) In what ways did the Israelites break their relationship with God during the time

of Amos.

(b) State the relevance of Amos message on judgment for Christians today.

Describe how Amos background was relevant to his future career.
Show how the poor were oppressed during the time of prophet Amos
Explain Amos teachings on social justice and responsibility in Israel.

CHAPTER FIVE

JEREMIAH

PAST KCSE QUESTIONS ON THE TOPIC

Discuss the circumstances which led to the exile of the Israelites in

Babylon.

With reference to Jeremiah chapter 2: 14 -19, state Jeremiah’s five

Responses to God’s call.

With reference to the teachings of Jeremiah describe how the Israelites

Were encouraged to live in hope during the Babylonian exile.

What problems did prophet Jeremiah encounter
What problems did the Israelites face during the Babylonians exile?
Identify the evils that prophet Jeremiah condemned
Explain Jeremiah’s teaching on the “New covenant”.
What lesson do Christians learn from Prophet Jeremiah to teaching on the

New covenant?

Identify the symbolic acts used by prophet Jeremiah’s demonstrate God’s

Judgment and punishment to the Israelites

(a) Explain the significance of the symbolic act of buying land by

Prophet Jeremiah (8 mks)

(b) Outline the sufferings of prophet Jeremiah during his ministry

themselves.

Explain the differences between the old covenant and the new covenant as foretold by prophet Jeremiah
List reasons why Jeremiah has been called the “suffering prophet”.
State the qualities of God learnt from the call of prophet Jeremiah
Describe the sufferings and lamentations of Jeremiah
(a) What prompted Jeremiah to give the sermon at the temple gate

(b) What lessons can Christians learn from teaching of Jeremiah in the temple sermon

CHAPTER SIX

NEHEMIAH

PAST KCSE QUESTIONS ON THE TOPIC

Outline the problems that Nehemiah encountered in rebuilding the wall of

Jerusalem

(a) Explain the different occasions when Nehemiah prayed ( 8 mks)

(b) In what ways did Nehemiah demonstrate qualities of a good leader during

His time? (7 mks)

(a) Relate six occasions when Nehemiah prayed

(b) Explain the importance of prayer in Christian life

How did Nehemiah leadership qualities assist him in dealing with the problems he encountered
Give the similarities in the life and experiences of Nehemiah and Jesus Christ
Outline the reforms carried out by Nehemiah after Babylonian exile.
State leadership qualities that a modern leader can learn from Nehemiah.

FORM FOUR WORK

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION TO CHRISTIAN ETHICS

PAST KCSE QUESTIONS ON THE TOPIC

State the difference between the traditional African and modern attitude towards marriage.
(a) Discuss the measures taken by the traditional African Communities to discourage

Pregnancy before marriage.

(b) What factors- have contributed to sexual immorality among the

youth in Kenya today?

(a) Discuss reasons why members of Christian families in Kenya find it

difficult to harmoniously live together. (10 mks)

(b) Explain how the church strengthens family relationships today. (7 mks)

Reasons why taboos were important in traditional African Communities
(a) State ways in which sex is abused in Kenya ( 6 mks)

(b) Describe the problems faced by the family living with a member

who is living with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). (7 mks)

(a) How was marriage formalized in traditional communities ( 8 mks)

(b) Why was polygamy common in traditional African communities? (8 mks)

(a) Give reasons why pre- marital pregnancies were rare in traditional

African communities (12 mks)

(b) State the causes of prostitution in Kenya today (8 mks)

(a) Outline ways through which a marriage partner is chosen in traditional

African communities (12 mks)

(b) Explain why divorce is rare in traditional African communities (6 mks)

Identify in which Christians assist people who are living with HIV/AIDS. (5 mks)
(a) What are the advantages of monogamous marriages? ( 8 mks)

(b) Give reasons why the church is involved in the fight against HIV and AIDs.

(a) Outline the Christian teachings on marriage ( 6 mks)

(b) How should Christians prepare for marriage? (8 mks)

(c) Give reasons why some Christians break their marriage vows?

Explain the Christian attitude to human sexuality ( 7 mks)
State the disadvantages of single parent family today (8 mks)
Give reasons why the church is against gay marriages ( 6 mks)
Give reasons why defilement of minors is on increase in Kenya (5 mks)
Why do Christians condemn incest in society? ( 5 mks)
Highlight the various causes of domestic violence ( 6 mks)
Outline ways in which church prepares its youth for marriage ( 10 mks)
Give reasons why there is campaign for girl child education in Kenya(4 mks)
Explain the features of traditional African family ( 7 mks)
What are the causes of conflict in husband relationship? ( 5 mks)
Identify 7 factors that have made it difficult to curb the spread of HIV/ AIDs. ( 7 mks)
How would you advice the youth on use of artificial contraceptives.( 2 mks)
List down the factors that one should consider when choosing a marriage partner today ( 5 mks)
Under what circumstances may some people justify abortion? ( 5 mks)
How is the church helping the youth to ideal with temptation of pre-marital sex?

CHAPTER THREE

CHRISTIAN APPROACHES TO WORK

PAST KCSE QUESTIONS ON THE TOPIC

Explain the relationship between work and leisure in the Christian context
Give five reasons why a Christian should not resort to strike action as away of presenting grievances ( 5 mks)
(a) State 5 ways in which the church can promote self employment in modern

Society ( 5 mks)

(b) Give reasons why Christians condemn idleness (10 mks)

(d) Outline steps the church in Kenya is taking to solve problem of unemployment (7 mks)

Give factors that a Christian employer should consider when making decision on salary for an employer
(a) Write down 5 consequences of denying employee rest
(a) Explain the factors that contribute to unemployment in Kenya ( 6 mks)

(b) Give eight causes of conflict between the employer and employees in Kenya

(8 mks)

(c) Discuss the role of a Christian during a strike (6 mks)

Discuss how children are abused in the work place ( 8 mks)
Identify how Christians can deal with issues of child labour and neglect

(4 mks)

Explain factors which result in strained relationship between employers and employees
Explain the effects of industrial action on the employees ( 7 mks)
What factors lead to child labour? ( 8 mks)
In what ways has the Kenya government encouraged self employment? ( 7 mks)
Discuss the Christians teaching about work ( 8 mks)
Give the qualities of a good worker
Explain the Christian teaching on wages ( 7 mks)
Explain the role of professional ethos in society

CHAPTER FOUR

CHRISTIAN APPROACHES TO LEISURE

PAST KCSE QUESTIONS ON THE TOPIC

Identify 5 reasons why the taking of alcohol as way of spending leisure is condemned ( 5 mks)
Write down 5 ways in which modern Christian use their leisure time ( 5 mks)
Give 5 ways in which drug abuse could affect a Christian family ( 5 mks)
Identify ways in which Christians can overcome temptations to drug abuse. (5 mks)
(a) Why is leisure important in the life of a Christian youth? (12 mks)

(b) What factors have contributed to the misuse of leisure in Kenya today?

State the factors that have led to the misuse of drugs in Kenya today. (7 mks)
In what ways can a drug addict be assisted to overcome the problem? (6 mks)
Outline the purpose that may lead to misuse of leisure in a modern society (8 mks)

CHAPTER FIVE

CHRISTIAN APPROACHES TO WEALTH, MONEY AND POVERTY

PAST KCSE QUESTIONS ON THE TOPIC

(a) Describe how wealth was acquired in traditional African communities.( 5 mks)

(b) Explain how money economy has undermined the principle of Christian living

which Christians in Kenya utilized their wealth.

Explain the biblical teaching on wealth ( 7 mks)
Discuss the biblical teaching on acquisition and use of wealth ( 7 mks)
Explain ways in which people misuse wealth in Kenya today ( 8 mks)
Show how misuse of wealth leads to family instability ( 5 mks)
Give ways in which Kenyan government is alleviating levels of poverty( 7 mks)
State the factors that have contributed to high levels of poverty in Kenya today

(7 mks)

Explain how unfair distribution of wealth can lead to social disorder in Kenya today

(8 mks)

CHAPTER SIX

CHRISTIAN APPROACHES TO LAW, ORDER AND JUSTICE

PAST KCSE QUESTIONS ON THE TOPIC

State any 5 ways in which Christians in Kenya show respect to the government.

(5 mks)

State 5 ways in which Christians practice social justice ( 5 mks)
Give reasons why Christians should obey the law of their country ( 5 mks)
What role can Christians play in the national elections? ( 5 mks)
Identify 5 ways through which a Christian can help reduce the practice of corruption in Kenya ( 5 mks)
Outline steps the church is taking to reduce lawlessness in Kenya today

(12 mks)

State 4 ways in which Christians in Kenya show respect for the state

(5 mks)

Give reasons why the church should condemns injustice in Kenya today

(5 mks)

Give reasons why Christians should vote during general elections
(a) State the rights of citizens in Kenya today (7 mks)

(b) Give reasons why Christians pay taxes to the government in Kenya (5 mks)

(a) Identify ways through which Christian promote justice in Kenya today ( 7 mks)

(b) Give reasons why Christians in Kenya are against the death sentence (5 mks)

(a) Give six reasons why it is important to have laws in a country ( 6 mks)

(b) Outline six problems related to maintenance of law and order in Kenya today

(8 mks)

(6 mks)

Give the role played by the church in the political life of a nation ( 7 mks)
Why is the church opposed to death penalty (capital punishment) as a form of punishment? ( 7 mks)
How is the church in Kenya co-operating with the state? ( 8 mks)
State the remedies that can be put in place to minimize ethnicity in Kenya today

(7 mks)

What are the duties of Kenyan citizen to the country ( 7 mks)
Show how a Christians can contribute to the maintenance of law and order ( 8 mks)
Give reasons that lead people to commit crimes in Kenya ( 7 mks)

CHAPTER SEVEN

CHRISTIANS APPROACHES TO SELECTED ISSUES RELATED TO MODERN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT

PAST KCSE QUESTIONS ON THE TOPIC

Identify ways in which a Christian can show respect for life today ( 5 mks)
State 5 reasons why Christians are opposed to deforestation ( 5 mks)
Why is the church opposed to genetic engineering? ( 5 mks)
State 5 ways modern science and technology undermined Christian teaching on respect for human life ( 5 mks)
(a) What role has been played by science and technology in evangelization? ( 8 mks)

(b) Identify the effects of pollution on the environment (6 mks)

State ways in which Christians can contribute to the conversation of the government

(8 mks)

State 5 negative effects posed by science and technology on the environment

(5 mks)

Explain how science and technology degrades human dignity ( 6 mks)
What is the Christian understanding of the use of science and technology?

(7 mks)

Explain the importance of science of technology, to our society today ( 6 mks)
Outline 5 advantages which human beings have destroyed the environment

ANSWERS

FORM ONE WORK

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION TO CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS

EDUCATION PAPER 1

- Reading the bible to others
- It is used for instructing new converts
- Preaching from the bible
- Used as a textbook in Christians Religious Education in school and colleges
- Used as a basis reference book in general search for knowledge
- Christian hymns are derived from the bible e.g. psalms, magnificat, benedicts etc
- Used in taking oaths
- Alienation from God/ separation from God
- Pain and sufferings/ hardships
- Broken relationship among human beings
- Embarrassment
- Mistrust/ enmity among people
- Death
- Irresponsibility
- Punishment from God
- Pride and arrogance e.g. tower of Babel
- Leads to being cursed g. Cain
- The ground was cursed on account of man

- God is the creator of the universe
- God sustains the universe
- Everything that God made is good
- God is a God of order
- Human beings were created in the image of God and likeness of God
- Human beings should observe the Sabbath
- Human beings were put in charge of God’s creation
- Human beings should procreate
- Human beings should worship God only
- God is a God of power
- God is a true God
- Plants/ animals/ sunshine and rains were made for the benefit of human beings
- God ordained work/ man was commanded to work
- The woman was created to be a helper and companion of man
- Man and woman were complimentary to each other and neither is subordinate to another
- Marriage is ordained by God

- It provides moral and spiritual guidance
- Helps them to discover the will of God
- Reading the bible is an aspect of Christian worship
- The bible is the basis Christian doctrines and practices
- It gives guidance on relationship among human beings
- It is the word of God
- Christians come to discover who they are
- It is a source of consolation to Christians
- Source of inspiration
- Source of knowledge
- Helps in spiritual development and maturity
- Helps them understand the universe and their relationship to it.
- Helps them understand the meaning of their lives and relationship to God and to one another.

- Reading the bible to others
- It is used for instructing new converts
- Preaching/ teaching from the bible
- Used as a textbook in C.R.E in school and colleges
- Used as a basic reference book in search for knowledge
- Christian hymns are derived from the bible e.g. psalms, magnificat, benedictus etc.
- Distribute bibles to individuals/ institutions making them available for all to read
- Translation of the bible to vernacular so that people can read/ understand it and their own language
- Used in taking oath
- Christians literature quotes the bible
- To rule over the rest of creation/ to care/ conserve the environment
- To be in charge of the fish. The birds and all the animals/ over God’s creation
- To cultivate the garden and guard it
- To eat from the fruit of garden
- To name the animals
- To obey God’s Commands
- To get married

(a)
- To fill the garden and to guard it
- To multiply
- To fill the earth
- To subdue the earth
- To eat the fruits in the garden
- To preserve the environment
- To Obey God’s commands
- To worship God the creator of life
- To care for the rest of the creation

(b)

Work is ordained by God
God is a worker
All work is important
Work should be part of Christian’s life
God expects human beings to work
Rest is important in work
Work should be orderly
Work should be done diligently

(c)

They should treat the rest of the creation with respect
Christians should conserve and preserve the environment
Christians can care for God’s creation like wild animals by establishing game reserves and game parks for them
Christians can contribute to scientific discovery of medicine for various diseases by giving monetary donations to relevant institutions
Christians can care for God’s creation by opposing deforestation and helping to control soil erosion

(a) Answer as in Q. 4

(b)

God is the creator
God is loving- he provided man with a helper
God is powerful
He is the provider
God values his relationship with man
God is holy
God is orderly and organized
God is omnipresent
God is moral
God is perfect/ good
He made the Sabbath man’s resting day

(c)

Barrenness
Epidermis
Illness
Poverty
Madness
Drought
Physically and mentally handicapped children
Rebellious children
Unstable families
Environmental disasters
Wars

(a) Differences in the two accounts of creation in Genesis 1 and 2

The creation order of everything is mentioned in the first account but no order is given in the second account
Male and female are created at the same time in the image of God in the first account while in the second account man is made from dust and the woman from the n man’s rib
In the first account creation is out of nothing but in the second account man is made out of dust of the ground as the plants are made to grow out of a garden
In the first account human beings are created last while in the second account they are created first
In the first account God gives names to what he orders to be while in the second account man is made to give names to all that God created.
In the first account human beings are to subdues the earth while in the second account God confines them in the Garden of Eden
In the first account creation is completed in six days while in the second there are no number of days gives.
God rested on the seventh day in the first account but there is no day of rest in the second account
In the first account there is no forbidden tree while in the second account there is
In the first account the spirit of God was moving over the face of the waters while in the second account the spirit of God is not mentioned
In the first account God appreciated everything as good while in the second account he said that is not good for man to be alone
In the first account God creates in unity with the spirit while in the second account he was along
In the first account God created human beings for procreation while in the second account they were created for companionship.

(b) The effects of sin from the fall of human beings in Genesis 3: 7- 23

Both Adam and Eve realized they were naked
They became ashamed
They hid from God/ Feared to face God
They started blaming each other
The serpent was cursed
Enemity between the serpent and human beings developed
The woman was to experience pain in child – bearing
The man was made to rule over the woman
The man was to toil/ sweat in or order to eat
The ground was made to produce weeds and thorns
Death was introduced in their lives
They were chased/ banished from the garden of Eden

Poverty/ affluence/ wealth
Corruption/ greed/ selfishness/ lust/ desire
Disobedience/ rebellion
Inability to forgive others
Influence from media/ foreign culture
Wrong choices/ lack of vision/ peer pressure
Unemployment
Permissiveness/ too much freedom
Influence of drug and substance abuse
Poor role models
Lack of guidance and counseling/ poor upbringing

(a) Reasons why the Bible is referred to as a library

It has many books
It was written at different times
It is written in many styles
It is written by different authors/ people
It is written in different purposes/ messages levels
It is written over a long period/ span of times
It is divided into two main parts/ old testament and new testament
It is composed of various sections

(b) Effects of the translation of the bible into local languages

Many people are able to read the word of God/ improved and literacy of the people
It led to development of African/ local languages
It made evangelization easier/ growth of church
It led to the development of African independent churches
Many Africans got converted into Christianity
Missionaries were able learn African languages thus making Christianity spread faster
Development of printing press/ church bookshops
It created job opportunities
Africans demanded for leadership community development which contributed to expansion of the church
It created more room for further research into African religious heritage/ beliefs

5 x 1 = 5 mks

By use of electronic media
By providing bibles through

Publishing/ Christian literature/ magazines

By carrying outreach campaigns/ door to door witness
Organizing youth

Camp/ seminars/ retreats

Helping the need/ building homes for the aged
Supporting the teaching of Christian religious Education
By encouraging members to visit the sick/ provision of medical care
By preaching the word/ holding crusades
By sending out missionaries/ financing them
By organizing choirs/ singing groups

1 and 2 maccabees
Baruch
Judith
Tabit
The book of wisdom
Ecclesiastics

It enlightened the Africans
It led to more acceptance of the Gospel as the Africans were able to follow the scriptures better
It led to emergence of more churches
It increased the desire for formal Education
Christianity spread faster as more Africans were able to read the bible
There was greater understanding between the missionaries and the Africans
Christianity became a more active religion
It increased African participation in Christianity
The Africans were able to read and understand the inner meanings of doctrines of Christianity
It led to the establishment of the independent churches and school
It led to the establishment of bible societies.
It increased the demand of bible societies
It increased to demand for more bibles leading to the establishment of local printing presses.

During church services
For swearing in courts
When swearing in holders of public office
As a reference book in religious studies
During ceremonies such as weddings and funerals
During crusades

Financial problems
Communication problems
Communication problems ( language barrier)
Hostility e.g. from hostile tribes
Harsh climatic conditions
Transportation problems in remote areas
Rejection
Poor accommodation facilities in some areas
People might expect too much from them
Lack of co-operation from church leaders
Temptations from worldly pleasures

Poetic
Wise saying
Prose and narratives
Letters
Prayers
Legal expressions
Songs
Prophetic speeches
Gospels
Philosophical essays

Sin was caused by Satan or the devil
Sin was brought by lack of satisfaction with self or jealously
Lack of trust in God led to sin
Anger led to sin as in the case of Cain
Desire by man to be equal to God led to sin
Misuse of freedom led to sin as in the case of Adam and Eve
Selfishness led to sin, Cain killed Abel because he only thought of himself

Obedience to God brings blessings
Christians obey God to avoid being punished
In order to have a good relationship with God
He alone is God and he alone should be obeyed and worshipped
God expects them to do so
In order to live in harmony with others

Christian literature/ magazines are printed and read throughout
The C.R.E textbooks are used in teaching gospel message throughout the world
Christians advertise Christians issues in magazines, newspapers etc
Pamphlets and newsletters containing Christians messages are printed and circulated for people to read
Christians messages are illustrated using the bible atlas
Christians terminologies are explained in the bible dictionary for easier understanding
Displaying posters with Christians messages
Imprinting Christian’s messages in various objects to be read widely.

He was created in the image and likeness of God
Man received God’s breath
Man was given responsibility over the rest of God’s creation
Man was given ability to communicate with God
Man was created last after everything was created for his use
Man has a conscience to differentiate right from wrong

Materials not available
Not printing machines
Libraries were not established
Occasionally the writings were destroyed e.g. Jeremiah 36 had to be written again
Lack of transport and communication facilities
It took along time to complete
Source of information was a problem

CHAPTER TWO

FAITH AND GOD’S PROMISES

By abandoning the idol worship to serve Yahweh the true God
By accepting to leave Haran to unknown land
By building altars at Bethel and Schechem in honour of God
By accepting circumcision as a sign of the covenant
By sacrificing the animals in the covenant making
By accepting to change their names Abram to Abraham and Sirai to Sarah
By agreeing to sacrifice his son Isaac
By worshipping God
By believing in the fulfillment of God’s promises
By making a covenant with God

He would be a father of great nation
He would receive personal blessings
His name would be great
All those who blessed Abraham would be blessed
All those who cursed Abraham would be cursed, God would protect Abraham
He would be a source of blessings for others
Through him all the nations of the earth would be blessed
God would give Abraham and his descendants the land of Canaan
The covenant would be an everlasting made between him and his descendant
He promised Abraham a son / heir through Sarah.

Answers as in question 1

A heifer
A ram
A she- goat
A turtle dove
A pigeon

(a) The characteristics of the covenant between God and Abraham

It was initiated by God
It was Solemn/ permanent/ long lasting
It was unconditional
There were promises to be fulfilled
It was sealed through the sacrifice of animals
The parties entered it willingly/ it was voluntary
It had an outward sign/ circumcision
It was between two unequal parties

(b) The importance of God’s covenant with Abraham

God established a personal relationship with Abraham because God’s friend
It showed that Abraham had faith/ trust in God
It demonstrated Abraham’s obedience to God
Abraham was assured of God’s protection
God Revealed to Abraham that he would have a son as his heir/ many descendants
It confirmed Abraham as God’s choice through whom all nations shall receive salvation
The descendants of Abraham were promised the land of Canaan

They should Obey God
They should have faith in God
They should be patient and wait upon God/ should not give up
They should be prepared to face difficult situations
They should be ready to give up everything for God totally committed to God
God blesses those who are ready to serve him
They should be wise when dealing with issues affecting their lives
They should involve family members in worship

God told Abraham to offer a sacrifice of animals and birds
He asked Abraham to take a heifer, a she- goat, a ram each of them 3 years old, a turtle dove and a young pigeon
Abram was to cut the animal’s in halves and place the halves opposite each other
He did not cut the birds
Abraham kept watch over the sacrifice and chased away the birds that came down to pick the carcasses
When the sun was going down he fell into a deep sleep
He saw a smocking fire pot and a flaming torch pass between the halves
This was a clear indication that God had accepted the sacrifices and made a covenant with Abraham

During reconciliation ceremonies between warning tribes or clans
In settlement of disputes between husbands and wives, families or friends
In compensation for accidents, killing or wounding another person accidentally
During oathing ceremonies to keep tribal or clan secrets and promote unity
Before warriors went to war
When borrowing or hiring property like land
During inheritance ceremonies
During rites or passage e.g. marriage
When choosing leaders
During agreement for trade between two tribes or clans

Baptism
Marriage
Oath of loyalty
Agreement signed when buying land
Treaties between tribes and countries
Agreement signed by student
Confirmation
Vows of a sister/ nun

The covenant was more binding than the one made between human beings
Abraham established a personal relationship with God
It was a confirmation of the previous promises made to Abraham
It was the beginning of God’s salvation to mankind
By passing through the carcasses God took the responsibility of fulfilling his promises
God’s passing in between the carcasses was a sign of protection
Christians have become beneficiaries of the promises made to Abraham

Covenant with Noah Gen 9
Covenant with Israel on Mt Sinai Exodus 24
Covenant with David 2 Samuel 7: 14- 16
Covenant with Abraham
Jeremiah’s new covenant

He left his homeland to go to a foreign land
He wanted to sacrifice his son Isaac to God
He undertook a long dangerous and uncertain journey to unknown land
He trusted in God’s promises of a son despite his wife age
He did not give up in spite of the hardships he encountered in his journey
He entered into a covenant with God
He accepted to be circumcised and he also circumcised his servant and his son
He worshipped and scarified to God
He accepted to change his name and his wife’s name
He abandoned idol worship
He built two altars at Bethel and Schechem in honour of God

It was a sign of Abraham’s obedience and faithfulness together with that of his descendants
It was a sign of the bond between God, Abraham and his descendant
It was a physical badge of Abraham descendants
It was a sign that Abrahams and his descendants had entered into an everlasting covenant with God
It was a sign of the fulfillment of God’s promises to Abraham and his descendants
By accepting circumcision the Israelites showed respect and obedience to their forefather Abraham
It was a sign of belonging to the Jewish community
It showed that Abraham and his descendant had accepted God as their only God

God is a provider, he provided the ram
God demands obedience from his people
God values human life that is why he did not allow Abraham to sacrifice his son
God sometimes tests the faith of his people
God blesses those who obey and trust him
God is faithful to his promises

God told Abraham to leave his country, hi people and his father’s household to go to a land God would show him
God promised to make Abraham into a great nation and bless him
God also promised to make Abrahams name great to bless those blessed Abraham and to curse those who cursed him
God promised through Abraham all people on earth would be blessed
Abraham left as God had told him
He was accompanied by Lot his nephew and Sarai his wife
He took with him all the possessions he had accumulated and the slaves he had acquired in Haran.
He set out and arrived at the land of Canaan

Obedience to God is important
Faith in God is rewarding
God took the initiative to repair the broken relationship with man by calling Abraham showing his loving nature
Faith is best seen in actions
God always works through men of faith
God communicates with people
One’s background cannot prevent God from working through and with an individual

CHAPTER THREE

MOSES AND THE SINAI COVENANT

God is holy
God is powerful/ almighty
God demands obedience
God choose/ elects people to work for him or to be his spokesmen
God is faithful to his promises
God controls the earth
God speaks to his people
God reveals himself through nature
God is awesome/ should be feared
God is imminent/ everywhere
God is just judge
God is Transcendent/ beyond human knowledge
God is worthy of worship
He is a God of freedom/ liberates
God is caring/ loving/ compassionate or merciful

God appeared to the Israelites to reassure them that they were not alone, he was present among them
God reminded them that he was the God who brought them out of Egypt
God gave them the ten commandments to guide them in their relationships with him and with one another
He entered a covenant relationship with them in which he promised that they would be his special people and he would be their God
He forgives those who repent after worshipping the golden calf
After Moses broke with the tablets of law God replaced them with new ones
He promised to be with them always to preserve them and to make them prosperous ( exodus 32: 34)
After the Israelites broke the covenant by worshipping the golden calf he renewed the covenant with them
God continues to provide for their needs

An altar was built at the foot of Mt Sinai supported with twelve pillars to represent the tribes of Israel
Young men sacrifices some oxen
Moses took half of the blood of the animals and put it in basins
Half of the blood was thrown to the altar
Moses read the book of the covenant to the Israelites
The people made a promise that they would obey God
Moses took the blood in the bowls and threw it on the temple
Moses said “This is the blood of the covenant which the lord made with you”.

Inquisitiveness
Caring/ cautiousness
Respectful
Patience
Courage/ bravery/ fearlessness
Consistence/ reliability
Humility
Faith/ trust
Wisdom/ intelligence
Obedience

God fears/ responds to the cry of his people
God uses events to reveal himself e.g. burning bush
God is holy/ pure
God appoints people to perform certain tasks
God does not give people impossible tasks
God is powerful/ almighty
God punishes the enemies of his people
God is faithful to his promises
God is omnipresent
God is beyond human understanding/ transcendent
God is omniscient/ all knowing

Thunder
Lighting
Cloud
Fire
Earthquake
Sound of trumpet
He spoke to Moses
Smoke

Humility- he removed shoes
Courage – he went to see the burning bush
Faith/ trust
Love/ concern/ care/ mercy/ pity
Honest
Obedience
Reference/ respect/ honour
Service/ call/ God chooses anybody
Inquisitiveness/ curiosity
Persistence/ patience
Just/ punishes injustice

Through animal sacrifices
Through offerings
By observing religious rituals
By keeping the Sabbath day
By keeping/ observing the ten commandments
Through prayer/ song/ dance
By commemorating God’s saving deeds or religious festivals
By regarding God as their king/ ruler and by obeying earthly kings who were regarded as special representative of God
By building places of worship where they prayed to God/ listened to his teachings
By following the teachings of the prophets
Honouring the temple as a sacred place where the Ark of the covenant was kept
By respecting the Leviticus priests

To obey what God commanded them
Not to make any treaty with those who lived in the land where they were going
To destroy their altars/ smash their sacred stones/ cut down their Asherah
Not to worship any other God
To keep the feast of unleavened bread
To rest on the seventh day
Not to intermarry with the foreigners
Not to make idols
To offer to God the first of their crops
To dedicate all their born male children and first born male of their domestic animals to God

The ten plagues that God brought on the Egyptians
Separating the waters of the Red Sea
Killing the Egyptians during the crossing of the Red Sea
Provision of manna for the Israelites to eat
Provision of Quails for the Israelites to eat
God gave the Israelites victory over the Amalekites a hostile desert tribe.
God led the Israelites during the night with a pillar of fire.
God gave them the snake, curving to save them from snake bites.
During the making of the covenant at Sinai manifested himself physically

Moses was afraid to go face Pharaoh who wanted to kill him having killed an Egyptian
He doubted whether the Israelites would accept or believe him.
He lacked adequate knowledge of the God of Israel
He lacked confident in himself
He was not eloquent in speech
Moses doubted the power of God and his mighty works that would convince pharaoh

5^th commandment “ Honor your father and mother”
6^th commandment “You shall not kill”.
7^th commandment “You shall not commit adultery”.
8^th commandment “ You shall not steal”
9^th commandment “ You shall not false witness against your neighbour”
10^th commandment “ You shall not covet your neighbours property or wife”

When the Israelites saw the Egyptians army following them they panicked and turned against Moses
Lack of food and water in the wilderness that they had to fight against e.g. the Amalekites
Moses had trouble uniting the people
The people disobeyed Moses e.g. by worshipping the golden calf
He had to deal with other dangers such as those posed by wild animals e.g. snakes
He had to lead the people in traveling through unfamiliar territories and routes
Moses had difficulties settling disputes among the people
He had trouble managing the people who were fatigued
The Israelites were afraid of the might of the Canaanites
Moses was a stammerer and he had trouble communicating
He lacked confidence in himself
The Israelites angered Moses by breaking the covenant

(a) Activities carried out by the Israelites on the night of the Passover

Every man chose a lamb or a young goat for his family
The chosen animal was slaughtered
Blood was put on the two door post of the house
The slaughtered animal was to be roasted
The Israelites ate the unleavened bread/ bitter herbs
They ate while fully dressed for the journey in a hurry
They stayed indoors till morning
They burnt all the leftovers of the meal ( 5 mks)

(b)Why exodus is important to the Israelites

(i) It marked the end of their suffering/ oppressing in Egypt

(ii) It signed that they were a special nation/ chosen by God

(iii) It was a fulfillment of the promises God had made to Abraham

(iv) It proved that God was more powerful than other gods/ supreme

(v) It showed / proved to them that Moses was a chosen leader of God

(vi) The exodus united the people of Israel as a nation

(vii) It made them to understand the nature of God

(viii) It taught them God needed obedience from human beings

They received the ten commandments which guided them in their relationships

(5 x 2 = 10 mks)

(i) They set aside a day of worship

(ii) Set aside holy places of worship

(iii) They do not mention God’s name in vain

(iv) They pray to him

(v) Live exemplary lives/ role models

(vi) Giving offerings/ tithes

(vii) Praising him for wonders

(viii) Taking care of the environment

(ix) Looking after the needy

(x) Preaching/ spreading his word

The slaughtering of the Passover lamb by the Israelites
The painting of the door posts of the houses of the Israelites with the blood of the lamb
The eating of the meat of the lamb with unleavened bread and bitter herbs
The killing of the Egyptian first born by the angle of death
The Israelites knelt and worshipped God
The wailing/ mourning by the Egyptians
The Pharaoh allowed the Israelites to leave Egypt
The Israelites began the exodus from Egypt to Canaan.

Both are annual events
Both involved sacrifices i.e. lamb and Jesus
In both cases there is movement from slavery to freedom
Both incidences are important historical events
Both are central points to belief and worship of Judaism and Christianity respectively
They both point towards God’s saving power
In each case there is a command to follow and remember the occasion
In both point towards God’s saving power
In each case there is a command to follow and remember the occasion
In both God uses an individual to intervene

The Israelites were his chosen people
He protected them from their enemies in the wilderness
He chose good leaders for the Israelites and helped them rule and control the people during the exodus
The Israelites were victorious in war against those who attack them
The lord chose priests for them who became intermediaries between them and the lord
Yahweh remained their only God

When they doubted God before crossing the red sea
They complained when there was no food
The Israelites made a golden calf and worshipped it
They complained to Moses when there was no water
The Israelites broke the covenant easy of life hence did not obey God
When some people Kept food overnight as opposed to the command of the lord

He accepted to remove his sandals when ordered by God during his call
He accepted to perform the plagues in Egypt to deliver the Israelites despite the difficulties he would face
He accepted to perform the plagues in Egypt to convince Pharaoh to release the Israelites
Moses led the Israelites across the Red Sea as commanded by God
Moses prepared for the Passover as commanded by God
He provided the Israelites with proper instructions on how to collect food offered by God as God commanded him
Moses wrote the defeat of the Amalekites on the scroll as God Commanded him
He prepared for the Sinai covenant as God commanded and allowed the instructions given by God

They worshipped idols
Committing adultery
Bearing false witness against others
Coveting other people’s property
Practicing syncretism
False swearing of kings in public to subjects in God’s name which are not fulfilled
Marrying foreign wives who brought idol worshipping in Israel
They worked on the Sabbath day

Because he is faithful to his promises
God wanted to guide them in how to relate with them
God wanted a personal relationship with the Israelites as the chosen race
God wanted them to remember that he was powerful and had rescued them to come and worship him on Mt Sinai
God wanted to guide them on how to relate with each other
God expected that the Israelites would obey and have faith in him
He wanted to enable the Israelites to enjoy his blessings
God wanted to provide guidance to the people as they entered Canaan

The Israelites understood God as more powerful than the Egyptians gods
God is faithful as he fulfilled the promises to Abraham
God is a provider – He provided them with food ( manna) and water
God is loving and kind
God is merciful
God is slow to anger
God is just – he punishes those who disobeyed him
God is jealous and does not tolerate rivals
God is holy
God is a protector
God is omnipresent
God works though men of faith

Laws helps Christians to keep off idolatry
Laws encourage sexual uprightness
Laws help one to respect other peoples property
The laws help Christians to avoid telling lies and accusing other people falsely
Obedience to God’s Laws enables Christians to respect life and not to take it away
By obeying laws Christians escape God’s judgement
By obeying laws Christians receive blessings from God

Moses was attending the flock of his father- in- law near Mt Horeb
He saw a burning bush
The bush was on fire but it was not getting consumed
Moses drew near to see why the bush was not getting consumed
God called him from within the bush
Moses was told not to draw near and remove his scandals because he was standing on a holy ground
God told Moses that he was the God and his father Abraham, Isaac and Jacob
Moses hid his father face because he was afraid to look at God
God told Moses that he had seen the suffering of his people and had heard their cry.
He told Moses of his intention to send him to Egypt to set the Israelites free
Moses was reluctant and tried to give reasons not to go to Egyptg. he was a stammerer.
God promised to be with him and empowered him to confront Pharaoh
God told Moses to take Aaron his brother to be spokesman

CHAPTER FOUR

LEADERSHIP IN ISRAEL

Can cause suffering e.g. hunger, sickness, death
Can cause hatred/ bitterness among people
Cab cause disrespect for those who practice injustice
Can lead to rebellion/ disobedience/ coup de tat/ demonstrations
Can lead to hypocrisy/ lying
Can lead to international isolation
Can lead to civil war/ fighting
Can cause all sorts of crimes g. murders, assassinations/ rape/ robbery

He stopped the Israelites from going to worship in Jerusalem
He made golden bulls/ idols
He made the people offer sacrifices to the bulls
He made Dan and Bethel centers of worship
He made places of worship in hill top or shrines
He chose priests who did not belong to the family of Levi
He instituted religious festivals unlike those found in Judah
He himself worshipped idols

The people persecuted the prophets of Yahweh
The king led the people in idol worship e.g. Jeroboam/ people worshipped idols
They intermarried with the neighbouring communities which was against God’s command
The people refused to repent when given the opportunity/ were insincere
The rulers/ kings did nothing to return the people to the covenant way of life
The kings built temple for idol worship
They formed political alliances with neighbouring nations instead of trusting in Yahweh totally
The kings propagated injustice where the poor were denied justice e.g. Ahab and Yahweh totally.
Sexual immorality/ the people engaged in immoral activities at the temple
They sold fellow Israelites into slavery which was forbidden by Yahweh
The judges were corrupt/ they took bribes thus the innocent were wrongly judged

Destroyed the altars of idols gods
Set examples to the people by repenting their sins when warned by the prophets of wrong doing
Killing the priest of Baal e.g. Jehu
Restoring temple worship e.g. David
Renewal of the covenant/ they led the people in renewing their allegiance to God e.g. Jehu and Josiah
Repaired the temple/ they made God’s dwelling place presentable
Destroyed the bronze serpent which Moses had made during the exodus for the Israelites had begun worshipping it they burnt incense to it
They did not form political alliance with neighbouring kings thus demonstrating to the people that they completely trusted in God

Anointed the first two kings of Israel ( Saul and David)
Judging the people
Foretold God’s plan for the future
Reminded the people of God’s ways
Acted as a mediator between God and people
Condemned social injustice or corruption
Brought to the king’s attention their mistakes
Condemned idolatry
Offered sacrifices

They shed innocent blood
They were oppressive of their rule (introduced, heavy taxation and forced labour)
They married foreign wives
They built temples/ shrines for idols
They were unfaithful/ dishonest
They did not tell the people who was
They were disobedient to God
They did not rule according to the law of Moses
They did not listen to the prophets
They worshipped both God and idols
They took part in Pagan feasts
They sought alliance with neighbouring states instead of relying on God

He became impatient and offered sacrifices to God at Gilgal instead of waiting for prophet Samuel
He ignored advice from God’s prophet
He discovered God by failing to observe the rule of herem
He plotted to kill David
He consulted a medium
He committed suicide
He lost his faith in God

The sons were corrupt and took bribes
They wanted a warrior who could lead them to war
They wanted a visible king/ whom they could see and touch
They wanted to be like other nations
They wanted a stable political government ruled by law and order

He developed trade with the neighbouring countries
Be built up a strong army
He brought the temple for God
He bought the Ark of the covenant to the temple of Jerusalem
He built himself a palace that took 13 years to be completed
He composed 3000 proverbs and 1005 songs
He was a shrewd diplomat
He organized a civil administration
He became famous because of his wisdom

He brought the ark of the covenant to Jerusalem
He made Jerusalem a holy city where Israelites from all over the land came for important religious occasions
He composed psalms which were used in worship by the Israelites
He showed respect to the prophet of Yahweh and listened to their messages
He wanted to build a temple for God
When he made mistakes he asked for Yahweh’s forgiveness
He Constantly sort God’s guidance

The Israelites would forget God as their unseen king or ruler
Their loyalty would be to the Kings instead of Yahweh
The Israelites would be influenced by other nations and forget covenant with God
Human kings would rule according to their human character
Kingship would bring a new form of authority and rule and new social system
Hereditary kingship would lead to oppression and dictatorship
The Israelites would lose their identity as a covenant people

He was chosen by God
He received public anointing at Hebron where he signed a treaty with the elders
He received the spirit of God from the time he was anointed
He was a brilliant military commander
He captured Jerusalem from the Jebusites
He brought the ark of the covenant to Jerusalem
He expressed great faith in God
He expanded the geographical boundaries of Israel though conquests
He had remarkable leadership qualities
He was a shrewd administrator who chose wise elders and counselors

The temple symbolized the presence of God amongst the people
Worship was done in the temple on the Sabbath day
Animals for sacrifice were brought from the temple
It was a house of prayer
Sacrifices to God were offered in the temple
It served as an academic center for the Israelites
Purification and dedications rites were performed in the temple
Adjacent to the temple was the tribunal where criminals were tried by the teachers of the law
It also served as a commercial center where goods were sold and brought
It also housed the Ark of the covenant

They acted as God’s prophets
They offered prayers and sacrifices on behalf of the people
They settled disputes among the people
They led the Israelites to war against their enemies
Some like Samuel were given the role of anointing kings

God would make David’s name great
Go would give the Israelites a place to settle in
God would raise on heir from David’s lineage
God would let David’s Son build a temple for him
God promised to establish a kingdom that would last forever

Courage
Faith
Gratitude
Loyalty
Justice
Wisdom
Humility
Kindness

He married foreign wives
He loved himself more than God by building his palace for 13 years and the temple for only 7 years
He worshipped idol gods
He did not observe the covenant of brotherhood as he taxed the Israelites heavily
He built worship places for idol gods
He signed trade and marriage agreement with his neighbours
He disobeyed the instructions of his father David that they should rely solely on God
He subjected the Israelites to forced labour
He murdered his half – brother Adonijah

Othiniel
Ehud
Samson
Gideon
Abimelech
Deborah
Samuel
Barat
Shamga

Inability to worship together
Idolatry
Strain in battles
Inferiority complex
They admired their neighbours

CHAPTER FIVE

LOYALTY TO GOD: ELIJAH

Ahab marrying jezebel
Unfaithfulness of Israelites to the way of the covenant
Worship of idols
Syncretism developed
Persecution of Yahweh prophets by Jezebel
Contest was to prove that Yahweh was a true God

Transition from Pastoral life to agriculture life made them resort to Canaanite gods of fertility
Intermarriage between the Israelites and other people brought idol worship to Israel
When the kingdoms of Israel and Judah separated following the death of Solomon

Jeroboam established two new places of worship at Bethel and Dan for the people of Northern kingdom to worship

When the Israelites were defeated in wars by other nations they felt Yahweh had forsaken them. This made them seek consolation from the Canaanite gods
The Israelites forsook the covenant that they made with Yahweh at Mt Sinai
When they settled in Canaan syncretism developed where they would worship Yahweh’s when it was necessary and worship idols when it was necessary
When they took over Canaan, they found elaborate temples which were built for the Canaanite gods and instead of destroying them. They continued to use them in the worship of Yahweh
In order to strengthen political alliances with the neighbours some kings of Israel named foreign princesses who brought with them the worship of other gods to Israel.

It was basically a nature religion or a cosmic religion
It was polytheistic i.e. it had a plurality of gods and goddesses
Rituals were performed to ensure continued fertility and the well being of the community
There was the chief god from whom all other gods sought support
Both human and animal sacrifices were offered to God and goddesses

There was widespread idolatry and apostasy among the Israelites
There was corruption and injustice as people rejected the covenant way of life
There was religious persecution and hostility ( Jezebel had put to death some prophets of Yahweh) and those who escaped with their lives went into hiding
The people had abandoned they worship of Yahweh and practiced syncretism hence turning away from the covenant way of life
He faced opposition and even threats in his life from Jezebel and Ahab
There were false prophets of Baal and Asherah who were brought to Israel by Jezebel to promote false religion
He had to face Ahab and challenge him for misleading the people
Convincing the people that it is Yahweh who was the true God
Had to prove to Israel that he was the true prophet of Yahweh
He had to endure hardships in wilderness

Jezebel swore to kill Elijah the way he had killed the prophets of Baal.
Elijah got afraid and fled to Beersheba after killing the prophet Baal.
He was discouraged and he felt lonely.
He got depressed and prayed for death
He walked for 40 days and night to Mt. Horeb
When he arrived at Mt. Horeb Elijah was weak.
He mistook God’s nature. God rebuked him.
Elijah doubted God’s victory over Baal
He had to convince people that he was a true prophet of Yahweh.
After pronouncing the 3 year drought he lived in fear.
He was accused falsely by Ahab as the troublemaker of Israel;
Elijah underestimated his ability in bringing people back to Yahweh.
He had to defend his religion to prove that Yahweh was a true God

Syncretism – mixing idolatry and the worship of Yahweh.
Building temples for idol gods e.g. King Ahab
Worshipping of false gods.
Offering sacrifices to the idol gods. (both human and animal sacrifices)
Performing rituals to ensure continued fertility and the well being of the community.
They were human sacrifices
There was temple/cult prostitution
Images and symbols were used to represent the gods and goodness’s.

The nature of the Canaanite religion.

It was based on nature/cosmic/cyclic/changes in seasons.
It was polytheistic/comprised of many gods and goddesses.
Symbols/idols/images were made to represent each god/goddess.
Temple prostitution was part of the worship of gods and goddesses.
Human and animal sacrifices were made to the gods/goddesses.
F festivals and feasts were celebrated in honour of the gods and goddesses.
Rituals were performed to ensure continued fertility and well being of the community.
There were prophets and prophetesses for each god and goddess.
Each god and goddess played a specific role in the community.
There was a chief god and goddess.
Temples/shrines/High places of worship of Gods/goddesses.

(b) Ways in which King jeroboam contributed to religious schism between

Judah and Israel.

(i) He made two golden calves and placed one at Bethel and another at Dan to represent Yahweh.

(ii) He set up two rival places of worship an ignored Jerusalem.

(iii) He made the Israelites to offer sacrifices to the golden calves

(vi) He chose priests from ordinary families to serve at worship centers

(v) He burnt incense at altars of the idols

(vi) He instituted religious festivals in the months of his choice.

(i) Critical thinking/ creative thinking

(ii) Decision making

(iii) Conflict resolution

(iv) Tolerance, assertiveness, self – esteem

(v) Self- awareness, empathy

(vi) Effective communication

(a) The contest between prophet Elijah and prophets of Baal at mount

Carmel (1 kings 18: 19- 40)

(i) Prophet Elijah asked Ahab to assemble all the people at Mount Carmel

(ii) The king summoned all the people including the prophets of Baal to

Mount Carmel

(iii) Elijah told the people to choose between worshiping God and Baal

(iv) He suggested to the people that two bulls be brought and each party to

offer the sacrifice to their god.

(v) He challenges them and said whichever party will make their God to offer the sacrifice will be the true God.

(vi) Elijah mocked them/ asked them to shout louder to their God

(vii) They prayed, cut themselves with knives until they bled but Baal did not answer them

(viii) Elijah asked the people to come near him as he repaired the alter of God.

(ix) He placed the Sacrifice on the alter and asked the people to pour water on it.

(x) Fire consumed the sacrifices/ the wood/ stones/ the water/ dust around it

(xi) The people threw themselves on the ground and worshiped the lord as the

true God

(xii) Elijah killed the prophets of Baal

7 x 1 = 7 mks

(b) Conditions that made it difficult for Prophet Elijah to stop idolatry in

Israel

(i) The existence of false promises to the Israelites

(ii) King Ahab had allowed his Phoenician wife to bring the worship of the

false gods and goddess

(iii) Jezebel had persecution of true prophets of God by Jezebel

(iv) King Ahab had allowed the building of temples/ high places for the

worship of Baal

(v) The Canaanite religion had a strong influence on the Israelites

(vi) The king participated in idol/ worship

(vii) The idol gods could be seen/ touched so they appeared real

4 x 2 = 8 mks

Truthfulness
Courage
Faithfulness/ trust
Kindness
Loving/ caring
Honesty
Responsible
Loyalty/ obedience
Respectful
Prayerfulness

God is alive
God is a true God
God punishes evil doers
God is Holy
God keeps promises
God forgives
God answers prayers

10.

Tribalism
Bribery
Cheating in business
Stealing
Robbery with violence
Dishonesty
Misuse of public property or funds

11.

Thunder on Mt. Sinai
Earthquake at Mt. Sinai
fire at Mt. Sinai
Soft whisper of voice
Furious wind that spilt the hills and scattered the rocks
Fierce fire to consume the burnt offering and water during the Mt. Carmel contest

12.

They coveted Naboth’s vineyard
They bore false witness against Naboth
They killed Naboth
They organized and took Naboth’s ancestral witness

13.

It breaks the covenant way of life of the Israelites
It against the ten commandment
It is a form of disobedience to God
It promotes immorality like temple prostitution
It is the worship of non-living thins which belittles and degrades God
It promoted falsehood in the society
People were concerned with external practices instead of internal change.
Religion becomes commercialized
It promotes false prophesy among people

Like Elijah church leaders should condemn evils being committed in the society.
Leaders should use their positions to uplift the poor and the weak instead of exploiting them
Christians should live a life of prayers
Christians need to be very honest in giving information that affects others
Christians must not give false information at anytime in court when acting as witnesses.
Christians should live free of corruption
Christians should be persistent like Elijah in the struggle for justice.
Christians should advocate for the rights of the week and the poor and speak against any form of oppression.

15.

Hostility from King Ahab who took him as a trouble maker Israel

Hatred against the prophets of Yahweh promoted by Jezebel
Hatred against the prophets of Yahweh promoted by Jezebel
He killed the prophets of Baal after the Mt. Carmel incident. This created hostility from Jezebel
He fought against corruption which made him clash with Ahab’s family
After declaring the drought God commanded him to run away, turn eastwards and hide in the ravine.

Yahweh is a powerful God who controls the forces of nature
God is a forgiving god who forgave the Israelites when they repented.
Yahweh is the provider as he provided Elijah with fire to consume the sacrifice
God is a jealous God who will not share his honour with any other being
God is a true God as Baal failed to answer prayers but God did

17.

Devil worship
Sexual immorality
Alcohol and drug abuse
Greed for money
Greed for power
Practice of witchcraft, magic sorcery and divination
Education
Career and employment
Love of popular culture

Critical thinking
Creative thinking
Decision making

CHAPTER SIX

AFRICAN RELIGIOUS HERITAGE

Mark the change from one stage to another e.g. childhood to adulthood
Provide opportunity for the initiates to take their new duties/responsibilities and privileges
Give the initiates a feeling of new/higher status in the community
Bring families/communities /clans together to celebrate
Give the initiates’ identity /a sense of belonging as they are initiated into a community e.g. age groups/secrete society/council elders.

(b)

They offer guidance and counseling to the candidates
They give candidates instructions in sex Education
They encourage the candidate to face the operation with courage
They give moral/physical support during the operation
Acts as a link between the candidates and their families
They play the role of a mentor to the initiated
They ensure that the initiated are protected/well cared for

Foreign religions e.g. Christianity, Islam, Hinduism
Foreign cultures and values
Western Education Plus Agencies High cost of living/inflation
New forms of government and politics
Science and technology
Urbanization
Improved infrastructure
Mass media

They explain the origin of people
They explain the occupation and culture of the people
Justify the ownership of the tribal land
They explain the origin of death
They describe the original status of God and human beings
They explain some religious status of God and human beings
They give people identity
They entertain people.
They are basis of unity
They explain the origin of some practices customs and traditions
They educate people hence help in preserving culture and traditions.

Initiation has been handed down from the ancestors who are custodians of the tradition
Rejection of the rite of initiation may lead to punishment from the ancestors
In some communities a person cannot be buried before circumcision if he is a grown up for fear of him being rejected in the spirit world
The shelling of blood during initiation incorporates the living and the dead/ unites the initiates with the ancestors.
The shedding of blood during initiation incorporates the living and the dead/unites the initiates with the ancestors
It is only after initiation that a person is allowed to procreate so that after death there will be offspring to inherit him to remember him
Initiation songs depict past heroes and ancestors who withstood the operation without fear.
The medicine/ herbs used on the wound is said to belong to the ancestors who have power to heal
Offences committed before initiation must be confessed before initiation lest one bleeds to death due to the wrath of the ancestors
Gifts to the initiates were to please the ancestors and were the sign of welcome to the full community which is composed of the living the dead and the unborn
Prayers are made through the ancestors for the protection and blessings of the initiates.
All members of the community participate in the initiation ceremony- the living, the dead and the unborn
The initiates learn the stories of heroes so that they can emulate them
Initiation is a stage closer to death which leads to life after death
Ancestors are consulted regarding the initiation rite
In some communities the initiates acquire names of ancestors after initiation to honour them as a sign the ancestors are still alive represented

Sacrifice and give offering to them
Name their children after the ancestors
Offer venerations and pray through them
Should respect them
Remember them by inviting them to social functions and invoking their names
Teach their children about them
Obey them by carrying out their wishes
Appease them
Build shrines for them

To thank God for the good he has done for them e.g. giving rain, children, harvest and health
To ask for God’s forgiveness and mercy
To ask for help from God during difficult times e.g. during drought, famine
During the making of the covenants e.g. peace covenants, clan disputes so that God can be a witness

Members of the family especially children can be denied food for sometime so that they do not repeat the wrong
Beating/ caning/ whipping/ pinching/ pulling of ears especially for the children when they disobey the older members of the family.
Wife beating if wives disobey husbands
For small mistakes a person can be reprimanded by the elders/ given a warning not to repeat the mistake.
For committing a crime that was embarrassing to the relatives/ age mates a person could be disowned by parents, the clan or the age group.
Payment of fine in form of a bull/ goat/ sheep/ a cock/ bear
An errant member can be defamed through songs that were composed to ridicule him/ her
By being given unpleasant nicknames which reflected the wrong the person has done.
Sometimes relatives refuse to name children after errant members
An errant member can be summoned to appear before the council of elders/ age- groups/ elders
An errant member can be served with banning orders e.g. cannot join such social functions as dances/ feast initiation ceremonies etc.

One must have been initiated into adulthood
Must be married
Must be able to afford the membership fee
Should be exemplary in dealing with the family/ community affairs
Should be of good conduct/ earned respect in the community
Should have grown up children should be of the right/ specifies age
Should have the support of other elders
Should go through the eldership rituals

So that they could receive common teaching values
For proper monitoring of their healing
To facilitate proper feeding for all
So they could undergo certain rituals before returning home
It gave them opportunity to socialize
They learned to live as brothers and this cemented age- group relationships
It made it easier to provide them with guidance and counseling
So that they could learn the secrets of their community
They were taught facts of life
To keep away from members of the opposite sex and children
To teach them to be independent

They visited the bereaved, stayed with them and gave them moral support
Consoled them through singing, dancing, praying and giving words of comfort
Contributed food and other material needs and gave them moral support
Helped them by performing certain duties for them e.g. cooking for them
Helped in preparing the grave/ digging and burying
They attended the funeral the funeral to give the departed a good send off.
Helped in preparing the body for burial
Informed friends and relatives about the death.
Made a Eulogy to praise or to testify the deceased’s contribution to the community
Participated in rituals/ ceremonies performed by the bereaved family e.g. slaughtering, eating, dancing and cleansing

During reconciliation ceremonies
During marriage
After initiation
When preparing for a raid
When deciding on cases/ settling disputes
When a person is being adopted into a family or clan or tribe
When a person was being initiated into a secret society
During installation of leaders ( oath of office)
When a community was threatened members took oath to remain united against the enemy
During the making of peace treaties
When buying land
During some naming ceremonies

Promote the youth into adulthood
Providing a learning forum for the youth to know the society’s ideals
Used as a method of preserving the society’s cultural heritage
Created a strong relationship between the initiates and the sponsor
Enhances the bond of friendship among the initiates
It made one full member of the community/ created a sense of belonging
One was a given right to own property and to marry.

To ensure secrecy of information known
As a binding symbol of members of the community/ a sign of covenant
To ensure compliance to the social norms and disciplines
To find out the truth of the matter in question
To deter people from telling lies
To link the living with the dead or the ancestors
To prepare the parties for serious tasks
To make people remain loyal to each other/ good etc

Sex education was given to the youth to instill discipline and responsibility
The youth were sensitized on the consequences or irresponsible sexual behavior
Sex before marriage was prohibited
Virginity was highly valued
Girls who became pregnant before marriage were severely punished
Young men who impregnated girls before marriage were also punished
Parents especially the mothers were held responsible for their daughters conduct. They therefore closely watched their movement
During occasions such as dances, young people were supervised so that they did not misbehave
There was physical separation of the sexes males and females lived in separate houses
There were taboos on sexual relationships each other and maintain their dignity and honour

Boys and girls choose their mates freely without interference from parents
Parents could make a choice when the children were young
Parents of a young man approached the parents of a young lady and asked for her hand in marriage
An intermediary could be used
A girl could be waylaid by the Youngman and dragged to his house
A senior wife could choose another wife for her husband
A brother of a dead man could inherit his wife
In some communities rich men could be given wives as gifts
In other communities a debtor could give his daughter as a wife to pay a debt

(a) The changes that have taken place in the rite of initiation in Kenya today

1. Female circumcision/ clitoridectomy has been discouraged
2. Circumcision can be done at any age/ time
3. Some communities take their children to hospital for circumcision
4. Education of the initiates is offered by persons/ bodies other than traditional sponsors
5. Some initiation practices like removal of teeth/ tattooing of the body are being discouraged/ discarded
6. Some communities have minimized/ stopped elaborate ceremonies/ rituals associated with initiation
7. People are being discouraged from using the same circumcision instruments
8. The role of age set/ age group is fading away in some communities
9. Initiation practices are no longer a test of courage/ bravery

(b) Moral values/ taught to the youth during initiation to adulthood in T.A.C

Hospitality/ generosity/ kindness
Honesty
Integrity
Tolerance/ perseverance/ endurance
Chastity/ faithfulness/ self – control
Loyalty/ obedience
Respect/ courtesy
Love, responsibility
Cooperation, unity, courage, hard work

(i) It can lead to infection/ STIs/HIV/AIDS due to use of same instruments

(ii) It can lead to injury/ Mutilation of the reproductive organs of the initiate

(iii) It is against child/ human rights

(iv) It can cause psychological torture/ traumatizes the initiate.

(v) It can lead to irresponsible sexual behaviour

(vi) It can lead to early marriages

(vii) It can lead to school dropouts among the girls

(viii) It can lead to bleeding/ death

(ix) It can lead to separation/ divorce

(x) It can lead to disagreement/ quarrels in families

(a) Practices in traditional African Communities that show their belief in life

after death

(i) Naming children after the dead

(ii) Invoking the names of the dead during problems/ inviting them/ important

occasions

(iii) Burying the dead with some property

(iv) Offering sacrifices to the dead

(v) Pouring of libation to the living dead/ ancestors/ leaving some food for the living

Dead.

(vi) Taking care of the graveyards

(vii) Fulfilling the wishes/ will of the dead/ carrying out the demands of the dead

(viii) Taking of the dead as having gone for a walk

Washing the dead body/ oiling/ decent burial
Holding commemoration ceremonies
Burying the dead in a particular position/ direction/ ancestral land.

(b) The requirements that one had to fulfill to be made an elder in traditional African

Communities

(i) Being initiated

(ii) Must be married

(iii) Being of good conduct/ achievements/ warrior (hero)/ character/ respected in

Society

(iv) Should have children

(v) Having the / specific age

(vi) Ability to provide for others/ wealth

(vii) Should be knowledgeable in matters of the society/ confidential/ wise

(viii) Having support from leaders of the society

(i) Be of sound mind/ good health

(ii) Be a bonafide member of the community

(iii) By undergoing the rituals of being an elder (6 x 1 = 6 mks)

(i) Modern education/ technology

(ii) Urbanization/ migration

(iii) Intermingling of different cultures/ intermarriages

(iv) Laws are made in parliament/ constitution of Kenya is applied

(v) Western way of life tends to promote individualism

(vi) Wealth has taken over ‘age’ as a symbol of status

(vii) Most judicial duties have been taken over by the courts

(viii) Christianity has influenced the members who listen to their church leaders other

than the elders

(ix) Permissive/ moral decadence

(6 x 1 = 6 mks)

It enabled a man and a woman to know if they were suitable marriage partners
It gave the parents of the girl and the boy a chance to meet and know one another
It allowed time for the bride- wealth to be paid and negotiated
It allowed the boy and the girl to be taught their responsibilities
The boy and the girl got a chance to learn about their in- laws to be
Parties from both sides were able to exchange gifts cementing the relationships between them

17.

It ensures a lasting marriage relationship
It is a token of appreciation by the bridegroom and his family to the bride’s family for having cared for her.
Dowry strengthens the relationship between the families
It is regarded as a compensation to the bride’s family for losing a member
It is a seal of the covenant between the family of the bridegroom and that of the bride
It brings members of the two families together to share celebrations
It is a sign that the man is serious with his intention to marry

18.

The circumstances of birth
The community heroes
The ancestors
Physical characteristics of the child
Experienced of the mother or parents during the time of pregnancy
The grandparents
Seasons during which the child is born e.g. rainy, dry etc
Phenomena such as floods, drought and famine

He predicted future occurrences
He warned against calamities
He advised people on various issues
He interceded on behalf of the community in times of trouble
He presided over various cases in the community
He interpreted messages from the spirit world
He comforted the sick, and the depressed in the community
He identifies the evil spirits causing trouble
He was consulted in case of bareness or impotence

20.

The expectant mother is given charms to wear to protect her and the unborn child
The expectant mother observes taboos hence avoid certain foods, people and places
The expectant mother is checked and occasionally advised by traditional mid- wives
Prayers sacrifices and libations are given to God and ancestors for protection
Sexual intercourse is not allowed during pregnancy
Herbs and medicine is administered to the expectant mother
There should be no harmful implements in the house or compound where the expectant mother lives
Expectant mothers were not to be treated cruelly by members of the family / society etc

Building shrines for the ancestors
Pouring libations to them
Giving their names to the newborns
Protecting their culture and ancestral land
Obeying their wishes and wills revealed through dreams
Appeasing them through sacrifices and offerings
Inviting them to take part in celebrating of rituals
Men approach ancestors for minor needs of life
Giving ancestors whatever they need in rituals
Approaching shrines with respect

God is the creator of the universe
God is the creator of man
Everything God made was good
Man was created came after most things were created
Creation work did not stop in the distant past ( God continues working)
God is powerful and merciful
Death/ evil came as a result of disobedience

23.

Advised the community on rain and drought
Had power to pray for rain
Had mysterious power
Acted as diviners/ priests and prophets
Sacrificed, prayed and gave offering to God and ancestors
Sprinkled water to call rain
They were well versed with the skins habit of trees, moon and stars
They could plead with God to stop the rain
They were able to tell the people when the rain would

Wealth was acquired through
Inheritance
Trade
Cattle raids
Work
Bride price

25.

Laziness
Witchcraft/ sorcery
Breaking of taboos
Disrespect of in- laws
Failure to pay dowry
Unfaithfulness
In case one is discovered to be a thief
In case one suffered from madness, leprosy, epilepsy

FORM TWO ANSWERS

CHAPTER ONE

He baptized Jesus in the River Jordan.
He advised people to live Holy lives to share and what is right.
He preached repentance of sins.
He baptized repentant people.
He acknowledged Jesus greatness
He introduced Jesus to the crowd as the Messiah.
He handed over his disciples to Jesus.

Wonderful counselor
Might God
Everlasting father
Prince of peace
Immanuel

He was filled by the Holy Spirit
He brought light to the nations
He suffered on behalf of many
He was God’s son sent to carry out a mission.
He restored sight to the blind
He brought salvation to many
His name was Immanuel
He was born in Bethlehem
He was born of a virgin
Jesus came from the lineage of David
He was betrayed by his close associates.

The expected a political messiah who would overthrow their colonial rulers.

The Messiah would rule the world from Jerusalem and receive homage from all the nations of the earth.
The messianic kingdom would be a temporary Jewish kingdom like the roman kingdom but more powerful.
The establishment of this kingdom would be preceded by cosmic signs.
The messiah would be a descendant of David
He would come after the return of Elijah
He would not associate with the poor, sinners and gentiles.
He would uphold Judaism.
He would perform miracles
The messianic kingdom would be accomplished through God’s judgments on Israel’s enemies

Nathan prophesied that

King David’s house and kingdom would last forever.
The Messiah would be a descendant of David and would rule forever
God would help the everlasting King forever.

The Messiah would use Gods authority and strength to rule his people the Israelites

Psalms 41:9 foretold the messiahs betrayal by a close associate

Psalms 110:2-2 forecasted a victorious king who would conquer and liberal

The king would rule wisely and advocate justice and righteousness.

He would save Judah from her enemies and ensure that the Israelites lived securely.

The king would be called “The lord our righteousness.

The servant will succeed in his work and will be highly honored.

The servant is despised, rejected and ignored by those who are with him.
He has nothing attractive. He is very ordinary and simple
He is harshly treated, arrested and sentenced to death and killed.
His body is buried with the bodies of rich men
He endures all that is done to him in humble silence
He accepts the suffering which should have been received by others for their sins
Through his sufferings human being are reconciled to God.
It was the will of God that the servant should suffer.
His death is a sacrifice to bring forgiveness of sins.

Preaching the good news about Jesus Christ.

Calling people to repentance and forgiveness of sins
Baptizing people
Observing the ten commandments
Pointing out evil in the society
Praying for the nation
Teaching Christian ethics as expected from the Bible
Offering guidance and counseling on complex
Advocating for rights of all human kind.
Solving and reconciliation of warning communities and nations.

He was the link between the Old testament and the new testament
He prepared the way for the coming of the messiah by asking them to repent and be baptized
He preached to the people about Jesus the lamb of God
He introduced Jesus to the people
John baptized Jesus
He Condemned evils that were being carried out by Herod
He condemned the Phararisees for their hypocrisy and the pagan roman authorities for being oppressive and immoral
He ushered people to the messianic era

11.

Jesus was born from David’s lineage
Angel Gabriel repeated the titles used by Isaiah to describe the Messiah
At the start of his ministry, Jesus proved that he was the messiah by reading aloud the scripture by Isaiah
As foretold Jesus was born in Bethlehem the city of David
Jesus suffered humiliation, rejection and opposition and death on the cross
Jesus was the true messiah as he fulfilled Psalms 41:9. He was betrayed by Judas, a close friend
Jesus as the messiah established God’s rule on earth
Jesus came as a universal messiah

12.

He bore the sins of human beings
Delivered humanity by dying on the cross
He submissively bore suffering and disgrace
He was despised and rejected
He was mocked and spat on
He was pierced and wounded on his sides
He was buried in a rich man’s tomb
He was innocent yet treated as criminal
Through his wounds many have been healed
Through him the everlasting kingdom was established

CHAPTER TWO

Jesus was to be born of a virgin

Jesus conception was to be effected through the holy spirit

John was to be born of the house of David

The name Jesus which means saviour was given by the angel

Jesus was to save people from their sins

Jesus was going to be great

Jesus was to be holy

Jesus would be an everlasting king

When Jesus was eight days old he was circumcised according to the Jewish customs
As a baby he was given the name Jesus that means God saves
Jesus mother underwent the purification ritual after the birth of Jesus as required by the law
Jesus was dedicated to God as the first born of his parents as required by the law
At the age of 12 he attended the Passover feast in the temple in the company of his parents
Jesus lived in Nazareth with his parents and he was obedient to them according to the law of God
Jesus celebrated the Jewish religious festivals.

E.g. Passover, Pentecost, tabernacle and attended the synagogues and the Sabbath days

He attended a wedding ceremony at Cana in Galilee and joined other guests to celebrate a marriage ceremony
Jesus appointed the twelve disciples to represent the twelve tribes of Israel
He was a sacred number to the Jews
Jesus kept the Jewish religious observations such as praying and fasting
Jesus salutations to the disciples “ peace be with you” Shalom was according to the Jewish traditions

Circumcision
Naming
Baptism
Presentation in the temple/ dedication
Visit to Jerusalem during the Passover at the age of twelve
Celebrated the Passover with the twelve disciples
He participated in the feast of the tabernacles

Both were announced by the same angel Gabriel
In both the angel said that the child would be great
The angel said that John was going to be full of the holy spirit in Jesus case the angel said that the child would be conceived through the power of the holy spirit
In both cases the parent’s were afraid when they heard the news
In both cases the births were going to be extraordinary

Jesus was going to be great and would be called the son of the most high
He would be given the throne of his father David – to rule forever
Jesus was going to be everlasting king
He was going to save people from sin
Jesus conception was to be effected by the power of the holy spirit

He would bring universal peace and salvation
Jesus had been chosen by God for the destruction and salvation of many in Israel
He was a sign from God and many people would speak against him
He would meet opposition which would bring suffering to him and his mother
Jesus was the messiah
He would deliver chosen people from oppression
He would be rejected by his own people
His suffering would bring sorrow to his mother

An angel appeared to a group of shepherds who were looking after their sheep at night
They were afraid
The angel told them not to be afraid
The angel told them the good news about the birth of a saviour in the city of David
The angel went on to give them a sign of how they would find the baby wrapped in swaddling clothes and lying in a manger
A group of angels appeared singing songs of praise to God
The shepherds rushed to Bethlehem where the angel had told them they would find the saviour lying in a manger
They found Jesus as they had been told
They praised and worshipped God

Parents should understand their children
Parents should teach their children about God from early age
Communication channels between parents and children should be open
Parents should be connected about their children’s welfare.

(a) Message of angel Gabriel to Mary in Luke 1:26 – 38

(i) She was highly favoured among women

(ii) She will bring forth a son/ will be named Jesus

(iii) He will be called the son of highest/ son of God/ will be great

(iv) He will be given the throne of his father David

(v) He will reign over the house of Jacob forever

(vi) The kingdom will be everlasting

(vii) The Holy Spirit would come upon her

(viii) The child to be born would be holy

(ix) That Elizabeth her cousin had also conceived in her old age

(x) With God, nothing will be impossible

(b) What is the magnificent reveals about the nature of God ( Luke 1: 46 – 56)

(i) God is a saviour because he remembers the lowly

(ii) God is mighty for the scatters the proud/ does great things

(iii) God is holy/ holy is his name

(iv) God is merciful to those who fear him

(v) God is caring/ protecting because he exalts the humble

(vi) He is a provider/ sustainer because he fills the hungry

(vii) He is faithful because he keeps his promises

(viii) He is kind/ helper to his servant Israel

(4 x 2 = 8 mks)

(i) He was obedient

(ii) He was courageous

(iii) He was knowledgeable/ intelligent/ wise

(iv) He was respectful

(v) He was cooperative

(vi) He was patient

(vii) He was honest

(viii) He was assertive/ independent/ making independent decisions

(ix) He was social/ outgoing

(x) He was inquisitive (6 x 1 = 6 mks)

He would be God’s prophet
He would prepare the way for the messiah
He would bring joy to Zechariah and others
He would be a Nazarite
He would call people to repentance
He would have the spirit and power of Elijah
He would be courageous in carrying out his duties
His name would be John to show that God is gracious to his people
He would great
He would be filled with the holy spirit

Just like Elijah John also lived in the wilderness
John was also filled with holy spirit and proclaimed God’s message to the people
He also met opposition from the king just like Elijah
He was beheaded and Elijah was threatened with death by Jezebel
He stored firmly for the covenant way of life
He was a great prophet of his time
He led a simple life and faced many problems like hunger just like Elijah

12.

God answers prayers however long it may take
Christians should not doubt God’s messages
We should be persistent, faithful and patient in prayers
Christians should be devoted to God in prayer
Children are a gift from God and a source of joy to their parents
God has a purpose for every child’s life

13.

God exalts to humble and rejects the proud
Christians should humbly accept God’s plan for their lives
God has a purpose for the life of every child
Nothing is impossible with God
God wanted Jesus to part of a human family for him to identify with the human race

14.

Mary went to visit Elizabeth after angel Gabriel told her that Elizabeth was expecting a baby
Mary greeted Elizabeth and the baby in Elizabeth womb leaped with joy
Elizabeth was filled with the holy spirit who revealed to her that the child she was carrying was the messiah
The spirit was also revealed that Mary was the most blessed of al women
Many sang a song known as the “ magnificent”

Many thanks God for
Being good to her
His goodness and love for all human beings
Fulfilling his promises to his people
Delivering the oppressed from their oppressors

Elizabeth was very happy and so was Zechariah
John was circumcised after eight days in accordance with the Jewish customs
Elizabeth named the child John
Zechariah affirmed the name of their son in writing
The people were surprised at the name because it was not in Zechariah’s lineage
Zechariah was now able to speak
He broke into a hymn called the Benedictus
Zechariah expressed his feelings of joy, gratitude and praise
Zechariah told of the mission of his son

17.

Zechariah expressed the prophetic ministry of John that he would

Be called the prophet of the most high
Be the herald of the Messiah
Call people to repentance in order to bring back human beings to their right relationship with God
Bring peace to men by showing them the messiah, the light of the world
Zechariah announced the begging of the messianic age

18.

The parents of Jesus offered the purification sacrifices according to the Law of Moses
Simon was moved by the holy Spirit and took Jesus into his arms and praised God
Simon prophesied about the mission of Jesus
Prophetess Ann thanked God for sending Jesus who would bring redemption
The parents of Jesus were amazed by the things Simon and Anna said about their child

19.

Your prayers have been answered
Your wife shall bear a son
His name shall be John
He shall be a source of joy
He shall be great
He shall not drink wine
He shall be filled with the holy spirit
He shall turn many to the lord
He shall go before the lord in the spirit of Elijah
He shall be dump for unbelief

CHAPTER THREE

Jesus is greater than John
Jesus will bring God’s salvation
He will proclaim judgment
He will punish sinners and reward the righteous
Jesus is the messiah
Jesus is the lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world
Jesus will be filled with the holy spirit
Jesus was sent by God

When he was tempted into the wilderness by Satan before he started his public ministry
Temptation in Nazareth when he asked him to perform the miracles he had performed at Capernaum
Temptation from the two sons of Zebedee when asked Jesus to destroy the inhospitable Samaritan villages
During the transfiguration when Peter wanted Jesus to remain on the mountain but Jesus rejected the idea.
When Jesus predicted his coming suffering and death and Peter objected to it and Jesus told him “ go behind me Satan”
At the garden of Gethsemane before his arrest when asked God to “remove this cup from me…….”
He was tempted while on the cross by the people and even the crucified thief that he should save himself from the cross.

Answers as in questions Q2 above

Jesus wanted to confirm and shop his approval of John’s ministry
Baptism provided an opportunity for the manifestation of the holy spirit
He wanted to identity himself with the sinful mankind
It prepared Jesus for his mission
Accepting Baptism meant his final acceptance of the work of salvation
It was a way of fulfilling the old testament prophecies about the messiah
It was the last act of preparing those who were ready to receive the messiah
It was God’s plan for saving mankind
It assured John and others that Jesus was the son of God
Baptism introduced Jesus to the people

John baptized people but Jesus did not
John prepared the way for the messiah but Jesus was the messiah
John preached and told people to repent their sins but Jesus forgive people sins
John was only a prophet but Jesus came as a saviour
Jesus healed people and casted out demons but John only preached and baptized people
John baptized people with water but Jesus was to baptize people with the holy spirit and fire

(a) the baptism of Jesus in River Jordan by John the baptized in

Luke 3:21-23

All the people had been baptized by John
Jesus was baptized
Jesus then started praying
The heaven opened
The holy spirit descended upon Jesus in a bodily form as a dove
Then a voice came from heaven
Then it said, ‘thou art my beloved son with thee am well pleased.’

5 x 1 = 5 mks

(b) The teachings of John the Baptist

He told the people to repent and be baptized for forgiveness of their sins/ he asked people to prepare the way for the lord
He told them to be faithful and obedient to God and not to pride in Abraham as their ancestor
He warned them of God’s punishment on sin
He encouraged the rich to share with the needy
He told the tax collectors not to seal/be honest
He told the soldiers to be contented with their wages/ stop greed
He told the soldiers to stop robbing/ accusing people falsely/ should be truthful
He told them that the messiah who was to come after him was mightier/ he was unworthy to untie his sandals
The messiah would baptize the people with fire and the Holy Spirit
The messiah would separate the good from the evil/ the evil would be punished
He condemned Herod for his adulterous life/ marrying the brother’s wife

4 x 2 = 8 mks

They lack faith in God’s word
Divisions along tribal/ racial/denominational lines affects unity among Christians
Clinging to the past/ inability to abandon the old/ previous life style
Negative attitude by the rich towards the needy/ poor
The influence of the mass media/ moral decadence in society
There is rampant corruption in the society
The emergency of cult leaders/ false prophets in the society/ lack of role models
Some Christians lead hypocritical life
Peer pressure

7 x 1 = 7 mks

To be identify as the messiah
To identify himself with the sinful mankind a sign
Jesus was tempted to arbitrate between two brothers
When the rich young ruler called Jesus a good teacher
When he asked whether it was right to pay taxes to Caesar
In the garden of Gethsemane, he was tempted to escape the cup of suffering
During his trial he was asked whether he was the messiah
During crucifixion he was spat on but did not fight back
On the cross one of the thieves wanted him to deliver them
He was questioned by the Sadducees about the resurrection

They should depend on Jesus
They should be well versed with the scriptures so that they can refer to the bible
They should seek guidance and counseling
They should attend bible classes for the right interpretation of the bible
They should have faith or believe in God to help them during trials
They should avoid wrong company
They should take part in active leisure
They should avoid circumstances that can lead them to sin
They should resist Satan

To follow Jesus example and identify with him
To receive the holy spirit who teaches and guide them in their lives
To prepare one to enter the kingdom of God
It unites Christians under one body of Christ
It effects complete forgiveness of sins
It is an act of being born again
It is a symbol of death and resurrection
Through baptism one becomes a child of God

When all the people were Baptized Jesus was also baptized
He was baptized by John the Baptist in River Jordan at a place called Bethbora
Jesus was praying when the heavens opened
The holy spirit descended from heaven upon him inform of a dove
A voice came from heaven saying “ Thou art my beloved son with thee I am well pleased”.

11.

Christians get new names which symbolize new life in Christ
Christians receive the holy spirit who gives them guidance in their lives
Christians identify themselves with Jesus and the church
Water is symbolically used as a cleanser it wipes away one’s sins and gives a new life
Christians are brought together as members of the church of Christ
During baptism Christians receive the holy spirit who guides them in their lives
The old self dies and becomes a new person a Christian
It is the first step of being accepted into the Christian brotherhood

12.

Since Jesus was tempted, he fully our difficulties when us beyond our strength
God does not tempt us beyond our strength
Since Jesus was tempted we will also be tempted
Through temptations we will also be tempted.
Through temptations and trials our faith is strengthened
When we are tempted we should turn to the bible for guidance
We should seek the holy spirit who enabled Jesus to conquer evil

13.

Christians should not fear to condemn evils in the society
Christians should commit their lives wholly to the work of God
Christians should accept their role with humility and preach the gospel
Christians should be ready to proclaim the gospel even in a harsh environment for people to know God
Christians should share their resources with the less fortunate
Christians should be content with their pay not to accept bribes
Christians should learn to be truthful in their work environment
Christians should pronounce the consequences of judgment on those willing to repent

14.

To give bribe in order to get a job
To engage in irresponsible sex due to peer pressure
To steal money entrusted to them
To cheat in examinations
To take drugs/ alcohol
To exploit those who serve under them in their places of work
To keep excess change from a shopkeeper or tout
To show off
To change serves like healing

The temptations were as follows

Satan told Jesus to turn stones into bread and eat

Jesus answered that man does not live on bread alone

Satan then took Jesus to a high place and showed him all the kingdoms of the world

Satan promised to give Jesus everything if Jesus worshipped him

Jesus answered that one should worship God and serve him alone

Hastily, Satan took Jesus to the pinnacle of the temple. He asked Jesus to throw himself down since God would send angels to ensure that he did not get hurt. Jesus answered that no one should tempt God.

CHAPTER FOUR

The spoken word of Jesus during the healing of the paralyzed man “ your sins are forgiven” shows that Jesus was interested in curing people of their spiritual illness
Restoring people back to health liberates them from physical and psychological suffering
Casting out demons and raising people from dead shows that evil and the power of Satan are overcomed
Those who witness the miracles realize God’s presence in Jesus and accepted him as the long awaited saviour
The healing of non- Jews attests to the fact that God’s saving grace is for all humanity
The healing gave hope to the sick
The healing was a demonstration of God’s love for those who were oppressed by sickness.

Jesus was a teacher
Jesus has power over the Sabbath
Jesus was human
Jesus is the holy one of God
Jesus had power over demons
Jesus had concern over people
Jesus was courageous

They considered themselves self- righteous
They despised others
They exalted themselves
They knew the commandments but did not apply them appropriately
They followed Jesus with an intention of finding faults
They followed rules made by human beings
They emphasized the outward cleanliness as opposed to purity of heart
They altered the law of Moses to suit their selfish motives
They were a bad influence to the people
Their effect on the people was hidden yet widespread

By teaching them
By sending them on a mission work e.g. the 72 disciples
By praying for them
By telling them about his coming death and resurrection
By being with them e.g. during the transfiguration he was with Peter, John and James and this strengthened their faith

Should be knowledgeable in God’s word
Should be obedient to God’s commandment
Have faith in Jesus
Should preach the gospel
Should help the needy
Live a life of fellowship with others
Be a role model
Be ready to suffer for Christ
Guide and counsel others
Pray all the time
Should condemn evils in the society

(a) What Angel Gabriel revealed about John the Baptist when he

announced his birth to Zechariah

He would be a source of joy to the parents
Many people would rejoice at his birth
He would be great in the sight of the lord
He was not to take strong drink/ wine
He was to be filled with the Holy spirit from his mother’s womb
Many Israelites would turn to God through him
He would have the spirit of Elijah/ power
He was to prepare the people for the lord/ call people to repentance
He would turn the fathers hearts to children/ bring reconciliation

(b) Ways which show that Jesus came from a poor background from his early life up to twelve years

His father was a poor carpenter
His mother was an ordinary village girl
He was born in a manger/ cattle shed
He was born in small town of Judah/ Bethlehem
The first people to visit him were shepherds who were lowly regarded
He was revealed to Simeon and Anna who were simple
During his dedication the parents offered birds
He grew in Nazareth town of low status

They are made in the image of God
To follow the example of Christ who went to the synagogue/ temple
To prepare them for future roles as leaders
To teach them religious beliefs/ practices
To lay foundation for Christian, orals at an early age
Jesus taught that the kingdom belongs to them/ he appreciated/ blessed children
To help develop/ improve their talents
To give them an opportunity to socialize with others
To help them spend their leisure positively

To attract the attention of his listeners

To help his listeners understand better
To separate the serious people from the onlookers
To enrich his teachings
To avoid direct confrontation with his enemies
It was a common way of teaching those days
To teach about God’s mercy of sinners
To make people think critically about issues concerning God’s kingdom
To relate present issues with those of future kingdom positively

His popularity
His interpretation of the Sabbath
His failure to observe the law of fasting
He associated with tax collectors
His claim to be messiah
He out rightly condemned them
Teaching with authority
Claiming to forgive sins

10.

Preaching
Teaching
Being role model
Holding crusades
Organizing seminars and conference
Electronic mechanisms e.g. sms and emails
Print media e.g. posters and magazines
Door to door evangelism
Through demonstrations and role play
Through the mass media e.g. radio and TV
Through Christian music e.g. cassettes and C.D.s

11.

Jesus was teaching in the synagogue on a Sabbath
People were astonished because he spoke with authority
There was a man with a demon in the synagogue
The man cried out loudly “ Ah what have you to do with us Jesus of Nazareth? Have you come to destroy us? I know who are. The holy one of God”.
Jesus rebuked the demon saying “ be silent and come out of him”
The demon came out of the man having thrown him down but causing him to harm
The people were amazed at his word and power
Reports about Jesus went out into every surrounding region

12.

They left their families and followed him
They accepted his teachings
They invited him to their homes e.g. Levi
They accompanied him in his work
They addressed him as Rabbi/ teacher
They took care when he remembered he had denied Jesus
They were present when he was crucified on the cross
They helped him to spread the good news e.g. the 72 and the 12

13.

Political interference with church work
Corruption in the society
Factionalism within church members
Death and sickness among the members
Struggle for leadership among the members
Hypocrisy of some of the members
Financial constraints
Increasing members of atheists
Modern styles of living some of which are nor on accordance with biblical teachings

14.

He annoyed the people by telling them that their forefathers rejected God’s prophets
He failed to perform the miracles that he had performed in Capernaum
He told the people that prophets are ignored in their own country
He declared that he had come to fulfill Isaiah’s prophecy concerning the Messiah
He was the son of Joseph the carpenter
He compared them unfavorably with the Gentiles

15.

Jesus was human e.g. he felt hungry
Jesus was divine
Jesus had power over Satan
Jesus was obedient to his father
Jesus was ready for his mission
Jesus was well versed with the scriptures
Jesus knew that temptations come from the devil as he told the devil to leave him

16.

Materialism – love of wealth at the expense of spiritual
Corruption- This makes people to mistrust God loose
Permissiveness in the society- It makes people loose values system especially religious values
Mass media- people spend time watching radio and TV which may influence them negatively
Confusion due to religious pluralism- some people start wondering which is the true religion or cult
Religious persecution which make some people lose hope in God
Sexual immorality- they are engaged in immorality
Drug and alcohol addiction

17.

Love their enemies
Bless those who curse them
Should be prayerful
Forgiveness- not revenge
Kindness- share with others
Be merciful
Must be generous – give without expecting back
Courageous
Obedient

CHAPTER FIVE

The appearance of Moses and Elijah attests to the fact that Jesus had came to fulfill the law and the prophet
Jesus appearing in heavenly glory before his disciples affirms his messiah ship
It confirms that Jesus would fulfill God’s purpose through suffering and death
The voice from heaven confirmed to the three disciple that Jesus was the son of God
God strengthened Jesus and confirmed that be approved of his messiah
The incident strengthened the faith of the three disciples

The word of God is preached to all people but different people take it in different ways
Some people hear the word of God but the devil carries and takes it away so that they not believe
Some people hear the word of God, receive it gladly but when problems come they fall away
Some people hear the word of God and keep it in their hearts until they bear fruits
Christians should keep the word of God in their hearts and should spread it to others

Preaching and teaching all over the country
Healing the sick and the blind
Raising the dead to life
Praying to God the father
Feeding to people e.g. the 5000
Identified with workers by drawing examples from the world of work
Washing the feet of the disciples during the last supper
Calming the storm
Being a carpenter where he assisted his father
Fishing, Jesus went fishing with his disciples
Training instructor; he trained the disciples on how to carry out their mission e.g. the 72 disciples
He appointed leaders by commissioning the disciples

It confirmed to them that he was the son of God
It shared his glory
It prepared the disciples for the death and resurrection of Jesus
It showed that there is life after death
The disciples witnessed the presence of God
The disciples witnessed Jesus in his heavenly glory
It appeared to Peter for the future leadership of the church
It strengthened the faith of the disciples

He called the ordinary people to be his disciples e.g. Peter
Healed sick
He fed the hungry
He preached the good news
He visited the lonely
He mixed with sinners and outcast
He died for sinners
He forgave the sinners

Jesus took his followers to a quiet place in Bethsaida to rest
They were followed by a multitude
Jesus turned and preached to them about the kingdom of God and healed the sick
The disciples were worried about what the people would eat
Jesus asked the apostle to feed the crows
They answered that they had only five loaves and two fish, which could not feed the 5000 people
Jesus asked the disciples to make the people sit down in groups
He took the five loaves and two fish, looked up to heaven and thanked God
He then broke the bread and asked his disciples to share it out
People ate to their fill and there were 12 baskets of food left.

Jesus is a universal saviour Jesus is concerned about the total well being of human beings
Jesus has compassion towards the suffering
Jesus is the lord of life
Jesus came to save the world from sin
Jesus is powerful
Jesus has power over all sickness and disease
Jesus is a healer

He had faith in Jesus
He was courageous
He was humble
He was loving
He was generous

Jesus was not only concerned with the spiritual food which was attained through preaching the word but also with people’s physical needs
It was a sign of the messianic bouquet
Jesus had divine power
They learned to have faith in God
Jesus is a miracle worker
All things are possible with God
They learned to rely on God to provide their basic needs
They learned the importance of sharing what they have
They were encouraged to show compassion to the suffering
They learnt the importance to show compassion to the suffering
They learnt the importance of praying for their needs and those of others
They learnt that they should meet people’s physical and spiritual needs
They learnt the kingdom of God is characterized by the fullness of contentment of his people both spiritually and physically
To serve others

To evoke people’s faith
He had compassion for those who were suffering
To fulfill the prophecy of Isaiah
To prove that he was the lord of life
To prove that he was the lord of life
To prove that he was the messiah
Jesus was concerned with the total well being of human beings
To make people believe in him
It was a way of destroying the work of Satan
To show that he was the son of God
It was a manifestation of God’s love and concern for his people through Jesus Christ

Jesus had comparison for the sick
Jesus wanted to free people from the oppression of Satan
He wanted to establish the kingdom of God
To fulfill Isaiah’s prophecy concerning the messiah
To destroy the kingdom of Satan
To teach about faith
To prove his messiah- ship
It was part of his mission
It was because of his love for mankind

Jesus was at the entrance of the city of Nain
He saw a widow weeping
Her only son had died
Jesus was moved by compassion
He told the widow to stop weeping
Jesus touched the brier
He ordered the young man to arise
The young man arose
The people were seized with fear and glorified God

By praying for the sick
By visiting the sick
By offering guidance and counseling to the sick
By taking care of the sick
By building hospitals
By offering medical services to the sick
By providing financial assistance for the sick

(a) the healing of the Gerasene demoniac Luke 8: 26-39

Jesus and the disciples arrived at the land of Gerasene
They met a man who was demon possessed and lived among the tombs
The man fell down and told Jesus not to torment him
This is because Jesus had commanded the unclean spirit out of the man
Jesus asked the man his name
The man replied that his name was legion which meant many demons
The demons begged Jesus not to let them go into the abyss but into the swine that were nearby
Jesus commanded the demons to go into the swine
The swine rushed and drowned in a nearby lake
The herdsmen then fled and went to tell people in the city concerning what had happened
People came and found the man sitting at the feet of Jesus, healed, dressed and in his right mind
The people got afraid of Jesus and asked him to leave their territory
The healed man asked Jesus whether he could accompany him
Jesus told him to go and tell others what God had done for him
The man went through the town proclaiming the good news about Jesus

15.

Jesus said that people do not light a lamp only to cover it with a bowl or hide it under a bed
They light it and put it on lamp stand so that everybody will see the light as they come in
The parable points on how people respond to good’s word
Those who hear and accept the word are a light to the others

16.

Christians need to have faith in Jesus in order to accomplish the work of God
Christians are the light of the world
Christians should not be embarrassed about being Christians
Jesus is the light
A Christians has a duty to share the knowledge of God
One cannot claim to be a Christian if the knowledge of God he/ she is kept and not shared

17.

Teaching the youth
Teaching the Sunday school
Having bible studies
Preaching fellowships
Being a role model

18.

Jesus mother and brothers came looking for hi,
They could not see him because of the crowd
When Jesus was told that they wanted to see him he replied that his mother and brothers were those who hear the word of God and obey it.
Jesus relatives are those who respond to his teachings and practice them
All followers of Christ belong to one great family
Following Christ means forsaking all family attachment
Jesus is the son of God
Jesus is the messiah

19.

The assurance of the arrival of the kingdom of God
God’s mercy towards sinners
God’s coming judgment
The conditions for discipleship
The need for immediate and personal response to the good news
The passion of Jesus and his eventual death

Jesus was sailing with his disciples across the sea of Galilee when a great storm arose
Jesus who had fallen asleep was awakened by his disciples as the water was entering their boat
The disciples were afraid that they would drown
They therefore wake Jesus and asked him to save them before their boat capsized
Jesus rebuked the winds and the waves
He asked the disciples “where is your faith”?

21.

God is merciful and loving
There is no sin that God cannot forgive
We should not condemn others rather we should search our hearts and repent our sins
We should love everybody and help them to come to repentance
We should forgive other people so that we can also be forgiven
After repentance and forgiveness we should never sin again
We are supposed to be as perfect as God

22.

Jesus took his followers to a quit place in Bethsaida to rest
They were followed by a multitude
Jesus preached to them about the kingdom of God and healed the sick
At the end of the day the disciples were worried about what the people would eat
Jesus asked the disciples to feed the crowd
They answered that they had only five loaves and two fish which could not feed 5000 people
Jesus asked the disciples to make the people sit down in groups
He took the five loaves and two fish looked up to heaven and thanked God
He broke the bread and asked his disciples to share it out
People ate to their fill and there were 12 baskets of food left

Jesus wanted to find out whether the people and his disciples knew his true identity as the messiah
He asked the “ but who do say that I am”
He asked the question because time had come for him to go to Jerusalem where he was to fulfill God’s plan of saving humankind by dying on the cross
Peter answered that he was the messiah
Jesus asked the disciples not to tell anybody
Jesus wanted the people would think that he was a political messiah
He revealed to the disciples that the messiah must suffer, be killed and then resurrect

CHAPTER SIX

We should have faith when praying
We should ask God for help through prayers when faced with temptations
We should pray for those who wrong us to be forgiven
We should make our requests known to God in prayers
We should have confidence in God when praying
Prayers should be addressed to God our father
Prayers should be prayed with humility
God answers prayers
We should pray without ceasing

Lack of faith in God

Some say that they don’t have time

Lack of knowledge on the teachings about prayers

They think that they can do without prayers

Pride and false confidence

They have been made blind by riches

Prayers should be addressed to God the father
One should go to a secret place to pray
A Christians should be specific when praying
One should have faith
One should be persistent in prayer
One should thank God in prayers
One should confess his/ her sins
One should ask for his/ her needs
One should pray for God’s will to be done

One should be ready to forego some comforts in life
One should be willing to sacrifice things that are dear in order to spread the gospel
One should not look back and desire his/ her past life
One should forsake any commitment that can be obstacle to the work of God
One has to accept suffering persecution rejection and even death
One must be willing to spread the God News.

Christians should not condemn those who reject Jesus and his teachings but instead pray for them
Christians should emulate Jesus’ spirit of humility
Christians should practice self- denial and endure suffering for the sake of Christ
Christians should be loyal and steadfast in their faith

Christians should not have self- righteous attitudes
Christians should regard a neighbour as anyone who needs their assistance
The true and committed Christians demonstrate love beyond, everything else which is shown in their actions
Christians should show love and concern for all people regardless of their background and social status
Christians leaders should not practice hypocrisy like the priest and the Levite in the story of the good Samaritan
Christians should strive to build a relationship with God
Christians should put God first and seek the kingdom of God
Christians need to ask God to provide for all their needs through prayer

He told the disciples not to fear those who can kill the body but to fear God who is able to destroy the body and the soul
He urged the disciples to stand for Jesus and publicly confess their loyalty to him
He told the disciples not to worry about being accused and being brought before the authorities as the holy spirit would guide them and tell them what to say
He warned them against talking evil about the Holy Spirit

Jesus criticized the practice of washing hands, cups and dishes which was done ceremoniously. He told them that it was more important to pay attention to issue of charity than to external appearances.
Jesus criticized the Pharisees on their tithing habits. Although they tithed faithfully they neglected justice and the love of God
He also criticized them because they loved the reserved seats in the synagogues and to be greeted with respect in market places. They had an outward appearance and a desire to be noticed as righteous people

They cleansed the outside, but inside they were full of violence and evil
They gave tithes but failed to show justice, love and mercy
They emphasized the law but did not follow it
They did activities for public show e.g. praying, fasting, being given the best seats
They failed to consider the inner commitment
They gave people many rules that the law became a burden to the people
They approved the killing of the prophets
They prevented people from God’s knowledge

10.

In order to thank God for his blessings
It shows one’s dependence on God
So as to ask God for forgiveness
It is a way of communicating with God
To make their needs known to God
So as to worship God
To intercede for others

11.

In prayer one should talk to God as father because he always listens
One should honour and praise God in prayer
One should pray for one’s needs as well as needs of others
One should ask for forgiveness in prayers and express willingness to forgive others
One should pray for strength so as not to be overcome by temptations
In prayer one should ask for deliverance from the evil one
One should be persistence in prayer
One must have faith for prayers to be answered
One should approach God with humility
One should not look down on others in prayers

12.

Opposition
Temptations from worldly pleasures
Hardships weaken one’s faith
False prophets contradict Christians faith
Division among church members
Greed for power
Challenges from science and technology
Eschatolical issues: some are not easy to understand
Challenges from other religious
Lack of resources in meeting their obligations
Communication barriers
Lack of basic needs

13.

Christians should continue to evangelize and ensure that the gospel reaches all people
Christians should not tire in evangelizing even in the face of hostility or resistance
Christians have a duty to take care of the servants of God
Christians should be involved in the healing ministry of Jesus in all its dimensions
Christians have the assurance of God’s power to overcome evil
Christians should be cautious of their ability to cast out evil spirits. They should be humble and acknowledge God’s power in their actions

CHAPTER SEVEN

It is God who establishes his kingdom. He is like a sower
God gives life to the kingdom so that it grows from within like the yeast and the mustard seed
Jesus has brought the kingdom of God through his word and his very person
The kingdom of God is a present reality
The Kingdom of God is universal
The Kingdom of God starts in a small way and grows secretly to include all the nations of the world
The Kingdom of God is valuable
There will be judgment in the kingdom of God
God searches the lost individuals and brings them back to the kingdom
There is rejoicing in the kingdom when one lost individual is retrieved and brought back

Christians should repent their sins
Christians should forgive one another
Sin reduces us to the level of animals
The friendship is found in God
Christians should welcome repentant sinners
Christians should show love to sinners
Sin separates us from God
Christians should not put their trust in material wealth
Christians should not feel self- righteous
Christians should not pass judgement over others
Christians should strive to live close to one another
Christians should avoid selfishness

We should share our wealth with the less fortunate in society
Wealth should be used for the good of others
It is the Christian duty of the rich to share their wealth with others
It is a sin to ignore the poor
God gives us wealth so that we can share it with others

They shared their material wealth with the poor
They shared meals
They shared belongings
The early Christians sold their property and distributed money among themselves
They took care of orphans
They took care of windows

The parable of the lost son
The parable of the lost coin
The parable of the lost sheep
The parable of the mustard seed
The parable of the yeast
The parable of the invited guests
The parable of the great feast
The parable of the unfruitful fig tree

Once God’ s kingdom is established it grows and spread to all corners of the earth
The kingdom of God grows secretly
In spite of its humble beginning the kingdom of God still spreads far and wide
The kingdom of God continues to grow in spite of opposition
The kingdom of God grows secretly in the hearts of people
The kingdom of God has a humble beginning but it grows into a great empire

There is selfishness in the society

The high cost of living has led to economic constraints

Some only share with the members of their family clan
Denominational differences hinder the spirit of sharing
It can encourage laziness and dependence
It is difficult to identify those who may require help
Those receiving help may be suspicious
Those receiving the assistance may not show appreciation
They have not understood the biblical concept of sharing

To teach that God loves all his children including sinners
To teach that God continues to search and call sinners to repentance
To teach that God accepts any sinner that comes back to him
To teach that sinners should not fear turning back to God no matter how big their sin may be
To teach that the people who belong to the kingdom of God should rejoice with God when a sinner repents
To teach his disciples to avoid judging others
To teach his disciples not to be self- complacent about their faiths but remember to seek God’s forgiveness all the time
To teach his disciples to avoid extravagance

Pooling resources together for the benefit of all can minimize the gap between the rich and the poor
Creation of more jobs, so that all can be able to acquire basic needs
Employers should give fair salaries
Fair distribution of land and other resources
Putting into place a fairer system of taxation whereby the rich are taxed more than the poor
Provision of favorable loan systems so that the poor can be able to acquire adequate housing
The government should put in place programmes that favour the poor such as free education free medical care
Security in the country should be improved so that people can be able to develop projects uninterrupted
People should be encouraged to work hard

In order to take care of other people’s needs
In order to get blessings from God
In order to help alleviate suffering in the society
It is a way of practicing love for one’s neighbour
It is a mark of Christianity
To avoid God’s judgement
In obedience to Jesus’ teachings

11.

There was a father who had two sons
The younger son asked for his inheritance
The father divide his wealth between the two sons
The young son left for a far off country where he squandered all the money through careless living
A famine occurred and the young man had nothing to eat
He asked to be hired to feed pigs
As he had nothing to eat he ate what the pigs were eating
As he took care of pigs he began to regret why he left his father’s home
One day he made up his mind to go home and apologize to his father
He wanted to plead with him to take him back not as a son but as one of his hired servants
When he got home his father received him with great joy
The father ordered his servants his servants to dress him in the best clothes available
He also killed the best calf for him and there was much celebration
The father explained why the celebration was necessary

12.

God loves all his children including sinners
God continues to search and call sinners to repentance
God accepts any sinner that comes back to him
Sinners should not fear turning back to God no matter how big their sins may be
The people who belong to the kingdom should repent when a sinner repent
Christians should avoid judging others
Christians should not be self complacent about their faith but remember to seek God’s forgiveness all the time
Christians should avoid extravagance

13.

There was a rich man who lived in luxury

At this gate there was beggar called Lazarus

Lazarus body was covered with sores and dogs used to lock his sores
Lazarus longed to eat what fell from the rich man’s table
Lazarus died and was carried by angled to Abraham’s bosom.
The rich man died and went to hell where he was great torment
The rich man cried out to Abraham to allow Lazarus to dip his finger water and cool the rich man’s tongue
Abraham responded by telling the rich man that the rich man had good things in his lifetime while Lazarus suffered. It was therefore his turn to suffer
It was not possible for one to cross from one side to the other
The rich man requested for Lazarus to be sent to warn the rich man’s brothers.
Abraham replied that they had the prophets to warn them and if they did not listen they would not listen even to one who rises from the dead

Preparation for eternal life in heaven or hell is made while on earth
The reality of life after death is witnessed in the scripture
Satisfaction from material possession is temporary and may lead one to miss eternal life as one may be proud selfish and uncaring
Wealth should be used well in helping the needy
Wealth is good but indifference to the needs of others can earn one the wrath of God
Wealth is a gift from God and should used for the glory of God
Although money is good it should not be seen as being more important than all including life.
One cannot serve God and money because both are masters

15.

By providing basic needs such as food and clothing
Putting up institutions that cater for the orphans and other destitute
Providing medical care for the sick
Sponsoring school children through payment of fees
Preaching the gospel for the spiritually poor
Showing love and kindness to the suffering
Offering training opportunities so that the people can be self- reliant
Offering employment opportunities
Offering guidance and counseling
Visiting those who are suffering to make them feel wanted

There was a widow in a town where there was a judge who neither feared God nor respected people
The widow kept going to the judge to demand for her rights
She wanted the judge to help her but he kept refusing
The window was persistent and she kept on going to the judge
Eventually the judge helped her
Jesus told this parable to encourage them to keep on praying and not to give up

17.

By overindulging in Alcoholism and drug
Indulging in immoral activities e.g. prostitution and adultery
Engaging in gambling
Buying luxurious things e.g. expensive clothes, cars and house which are not necessary
Using money to bribe others e.g. judges
Using money to buy positions, power and status e.g. buying votes
Use of wealth to show off or beg to others
Use of wealth to promote dangerous sports e.g. boxing, wrestling, bull – fighting e.t.c
Giving lots of money to young children
Using wealth to lure others e.g. young people to immoral activities

18.

One should use his/ her abilities to acquire wealth
One should use proper and honest means to acquire wealth
Wealth should be used to help the needy
The rich should share their wealth with the poor
Wealth should be used responsibly so as to avoid misuse and mismanagement of the resources
An individual should not allow wealth to be a stumbling block to eternal life
Wealth can be a hindrance to the entry into the kingdom of God
No one can serve God and wealth at the same time
Wealth comes from God and human beings are only stewards
One should not put all their trust and hope in wealth
One should use/ her wealth for the extension of God’s kingdom

CHAPTER EIGHT

Jesus rode into Jerusalem on a donkey

The donkey was a symbol of humility and peace

Riding on a donkey therefore shows that he was not a military leader but that he had come in humility to bring peace. Thus he was the triumphant victorious and humble king
As Jesus entered Jerusalem, people spread their cloaks on the road. This showed that Jesus was the promised messiah
People sang and proclaimed him king as he rode through the city of Jerusalem
Some Pharisees asked Jesus to order the people to keep quiet
Jesus replied that if they kept quiet the stones would start shouting
Jesus no longer hid his messiah ship

Jesus wept when he reached Jerusalem
He wept because Jerusalem was going to reject him as the messiah
Jesus foresaw the judgement and destruction of the city of Jerusalem
Jesus entered the temple and drove out the people that were trading in the temple
He accused them of turning the temple into a “hideout for thieves”.
Jesus protested because the trading was hiding the real purpose of the temple
For this reason the temple would be destroyed because it was no longer serving as “ house of prayer for all people”.

As Jesus was teaching and preaching in the temple, the chief priest and scribes together with the elders asked him in whose authority the taught
Jesus in reply asked them whether John’s right to baptize was from heaven or from the earth
The questions brought division between the leaders and the people
The leaders did not know how to reply
Jesus meant that his authority was from heaven just like John’s

Jesus narrated the parable of the landlord who planted a vineyard and gave it out to tenants. Then he went away for a long time
At harvest time he sent three of his servants, one after the other to ask for his portion of the harvest. The tenants beat up all servants.
The owner of the vineyard then sent his own son and the tenants beat him up and killed him
Jesus then told hid listeners that the owner had nothing left to do but to destroy the tenants and give the vineyard to other tenants
The vineyard represents God’s kingdom Israel
The servants represent the prophets
The owner of the vineyard is God
The son who was killed is Jesus
Jesus then read from the scriptures that the builders rejected became the most important
Jesus is the foundation of the Christian church.

He is the stone that the builders rejected

CHAPTER NINE

Unleavened bread was used during the celebration of the Jewish Passover
Wine was a common drink of the Jews and bread was common food.
Jesus wanted to given the bread and wine new meanings and use them as symbols.
Bread was to represent his broken for the forgiveness of sin
Wine was to represent his blood to be shed for the salvation to be shed for the salvation of humankind
Jesus wanted to give the Jewish Passover a new meaning
Jesus was enticing his teaching that he is the bread of life give to believers’ eternal life.
Sharing of bread and wine in a sign of fellowship which is characteristic of messianic banquets.

- They paid Judas Iscariot to betray Jesus.
- They brought false witnesses to accuse him of blasphemy before the Sanhedrin
- They framed a treason charge against Jesus when he appeared before Pilate. Treason carried a death sentence.
- They employed armed people and Roman soldiers to deal with those who fight for Jesus
- They blackmailed Pilate into accepting their demands to have Jesus crucified
- They organized a mob to shout for the death of Jesus and release of Barnabas.
- They crucified Him when they got permission from Pilate.

Jesus was innocent

Christians should not be intimidated

Christians should do what is pleasing to God and not what pleases fellow human beings

Christians should strive for fairness regardless of the cost

Christians should not misuse their power

Jesus is the messiah.

- He appeared to the disciples on the way to Emmaus.
- He appeared to the eleven disciples
- Two angles told the women that Jesus had risen

It was a way of preparing them for His coming death and resurrection
By washing their feet Jesus taught them about humility and need to serve others
It was a good opportunity for Jesus to appoint a leader among them. He gave Simon the mandate of leading others
It was a way of fellowshipping with them by eating with them
Eating together united the disciples
During the last supper Jesus predicted Peter’s Denial
It was a way of participating in the celebration of the Passover
It symbolized the heavenly banquet that will be shared by God’s people in his kingdom.

The disciples of Jesus asked Jesus when wanted them to prepare for the Passover feast
Two disciples were instructed to go to the city
They were to follow the man into the house which he would enter
They followed Jesus instructions
When they entered the house they asked the owner to show them the room where Jesus and disciples would celebrate the Passover
They prepared the Passover meal
In the evening Jesus came with his disciples to celebrate the Passover meal

Greed for money

He was an informer of the Jewish authorities

He was overcome by the power of the evil one

He lacked the moral courage to stand by Jesus during His moment of tribulation

He was disappointed by Jesus’ stress on a spiritual kingdom rather than a political one.

;

a) Events that took place on the Mount of Olives before the arrested of Jesus.

Jesus told the disciples to pray
Jesus moved a distance away from the disciples
Jesus knelt down and prayed
An angel from heaven strengthened him
The disciples fell asleep
Jesus awoke the disciples
There came a crowd led by Judas one of his twelve disciples
Judas wanted to kiss Jesus
One of the disciples struck off a slave’s ear.
Jesus asked the religious leaders why they had come to arrest him as if he was a criminal.

Peter was afraid of being arrested/killed
He was overcome by the devil/Satan
The denial had been predicted by Jesus
Peter was confused by the turn of events
He was disappointed by the fact that Jesus did not fight back
He lacked faith in Jesus
He had no support/solidarity with other disciples

c) The importance of the death of Jesus to Christians

Through the death of Jesus, Christians are forgiven their sins
Christians are not supposed to make animals sacrifices to God
It demonstrates God’s love for human beings
Christians have a personal relationship with God
Christians are able to commit themselves to the wil of God.
It enables Christians to face death with courage
Through his death, salvation/eternal life is availed to all people
He has become their everlasting high priest by offering his own body.

a) How Jesus celebrated the last supper with disciples.
i) Jesus sat with his disciples at one table
ii) He told them that he had desired to have the meal with them

iii) He took the cup, gave thanks and asked the disciples to share

iv) He also took bread, gave thanks, broke it and gave to them
v) He explained to them the meaning of the bread and wine/the bread was his

body/the wine was his blood that would seal the new covenant.

vi) He commanded the disciples to hold the ritual in memory of him

vii) He informed them that they would be betrayed by one of them

viii) He taught the disciples qualities of good leadership/humility /service to

others

ix) He told Simon that he would be tested by Satan/He informed him that he

had already prayed for him

x) He asked Simon/Peter that he would deny him three times before the cock crowed
xi) Jesus told Peter that he would deny him three times before the cock crowed

xii) He commanded the disciples to acquire swords/have their own

provisions/personal belongings 7×1= 7mks)

b) Lessons Christians learn from incident Jesus went to pray with His disciples on Mount Olives.
i) They should be prayerful
ii) They should put God’s will first/desire God’s will to be done in their lives.

iii) Prayer helps one to overcome temptations/difficult situations

iv) They should depend on God for strength/support.
v) They should encourage others in their weaknesses.
vi) They should be ready to suffer for God’s sake

vii) They should be watchful/alert for the enemy strikes when they lest expect it.

viii) They need to have close friends/associates that one can lean on. (5×1)=5

c) Reasons why the disciples found it difficult to believe that Jesus had resurrected.
i) The message was first taken to them by women who were regarded lowly

in society; hence it seemed an idle talk.

ii) They had witnessed the helplessness of Jesus at the time of crucifixion,

hence had lost hope in him.

iii) They had witnessed the burial could not imagine how the stone could not

imagine how the stone could be rolled away from the tomb.

iv) They felt ashamed for having denied betrayed him, hence wished that it

was not true.

v) They had not understood the teaching of Jesus which indicated that he

would resurrect on the third day.

vi) It was a new experience they had never seen / heard of people coming to

life after death on their own.

vii) They lacked faith in the teachings of Christ.

viii) They had expected a political messiah who was to die in dignity/would not

resurrect.

4×2= mks

it is the basis of their faith
It gives them hope for eternal life
Through it dealt had been conquered
It gives Christians courage to face sufferings and death
It led to the coming of the Holy spirit
It is the basis of Christian teachings.
It is a fulfillment of Jesus promises to the disciples
It confirms that Jesus is a like

Last supper
Common meal
The lord’s table
The Eucharist
Holy mass
Blessed sacrament

He was afraid of the Jews revolt since it was his duty to maintain peace in his territory in accordance with the Roman Emperor.
He did not want to be disloyal to the roman Emperor after learning that Jesus was accused of treason.
He washed his hands after realizing that Jesus was the son of god
His wife had also cautioned about Jesus’ innocence. Pilate himself had found no evidence to convict Jesus.

He predicted his death three times
He taught his disciples to be strong and firm in their faith
During his transfiguration when he was together with Moses and Elijah he talked about it.
He traveled to Jerusalem where it could take place

The Jewish leaders paid Judas Iscariot to betray Jesus
They brought false witnesses to accuse him for blasphemy
They framed a treason charge against Jesus when he appeared before Pilate
They blackmailed Pilate into accepting the demands to have Jesus when he appeared before Pilate
They organized a bomb to shout for the death of Jesus and the release of Barnabas
They crucified him when they got permission from Pilate

The disciples asked Jesus where he wanted the supper prepared
Tow disciples were instructed to follow a man carrying a jar of water to the house he would enter
They asked to be shown the roam where the feast would be celebrated
They prepared the Passover meal
In the evening Jesus came with the other disciples to celebrate the Passover meal.

The Holy communication is one of the sacraments of the church e.g. catholic church.
To receive spiritual nourishment
To celebrate their acceptance of Jesus Christ by listening to his word and sharing acceptance of Jesus Christ by listening to his word and sharing in the breaking of bread.
It is an expression of Christian faith and hope in Jesus Christ
It is celebrated as a thanksgiving to god for everything accomplished in salvation
It reminds of Christ’s presence constantly
It reminds of Christ’s presence constantly
It is celebrated in recognition of Christ’s love of mankind
It is in obedience to the command of Jesus
Sharing of bread and wine is a demonstration of the unit of the participants with one another and with Christ.
Partaking of the meal symbolizes the sealing of the new covenant
Partakers receive reassurance of the forgiveness of sins.

17.

They considered Jesus’ claim to be the son of God blasphemous
They Jesus pretence of messiah-ship
They considered Jesus as a false prophet
Jesus had attacked the temple worship as managed by the Jewish leaders
They claimed that Jesus had committed the crime of sedition against the Roman Empire.

18.

After Jesus was arrested he was taken before the high priest where the Sanhedrin tried him
Jesus was then taken before Pilate and accused of misleading people telling people not to pay taxes and claiming to be king.
Pilate did not find a good reason to condemn Jesus he therefore referred him to Herod.
Herod tried to make Jesus perform a miracle unsuccessfully. He had Jesus sent back to Pilate
Pilate gathered the chief priest leaders and other people and declared Jesus innocent
Pilate wished to release Jesus and made several attempts to do so.
The people pressurized Pilate to condemn Jesus to death
The soldiers made a crown of thorns and put on Jesus
They led Jesus to the place of crucifixion
On the way Jesus was helped to carry the cross by Simon of Cyrene.
Jesus was crucified with two other people
Jesus clothes were stripped off him and soldiers divided the clothes among themselves
One criminal told Jesus to remember him while the other one mocked him
At the sixth hour extra-ordinary deeds occurred. These included darkness and the temple curtain split into two.
Jesus called out committing his spirit to god and died.
Joseph of Arimathea asked for his body and wrapped it in linen and buried in a tomb.

19.

The crucifixion of the Lord on the cross had been prophesied
The Old Testament prophecies had predicted the tribulations Jesus Christ would encounter be ridiculed, scolded, scourged and finally killed.
It had been prophesied there would be total darkness and this happened when darkness befall the whole place.
His burial had been prophesies and was fulfilled when Joseph of Arimathea asked for his body in order to bury Him
The curtain of the temple also cut into two as had been predicted that people would gain entry to God’s holiness without going through intermediaries
It had been prophesied that he would share the fate of criminals. He was crucified with two robbers
His clothes were divided as per the prophecies.

FORM THREE

CHAPTER ONE

THE GIFTS OF THE HOLY SPIRIT

Praying e.g. individual, congregational
Decision making in the church/solving issues and problems
Faith healing/healing the sick
Speaking in tongues
Singing and dancing /music
Preaching/teaching
Giving of offertory and aims /sadaka
Condemning on the prophetic ministry of the church
Hold fellowship meeting/bible study/reading the bible
Celebrating of sacraments e.g. Eucharist/Lords supper
Bringing new converts to the church
Pastoral care and consulting
Working together of the churches/ecumenism/co-operation
Writing Christian literature e.g. books/pamphlets/magazines
Confessions of sins/reconciliations
Education/giving instructions.

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Jesus was from Nazareth
Jesus had a divine nature
Jesus has a human nature
Jesus was attested by god to work miracles and wonders through the Holy Spirit.
Jesus death/crucifixion was according to God’s plan
God raised Jesus from the dead
Jesus conquered death/has victory over death/overcome death
The death and resurrection of Jesus fulfill the prophecy of David foretold the death and resurrection of Jesus
God has made Jesus both Lord and Christ/Messiah.

It is a gift of the Holy Spirit
It is the most important gift of the Holy spirit
It is patient
It is kind
Not jealous
Not conceited/proud/boastful
Not jealous
Not conceited/proud/boastful
Not ill-mannered
Not selfish/it is generous
Not selfish/it generous
Not irritable/grudge
Not happy with evils
Does not keep wrongs
Not happy with truth
It never gives up
Its never gives up
Its faith, hope and patience never fail
It is eternal

Cheating that one has a certain gift of the Holy spirit

Commercialization of the gifts /people are asked pay money before being prayed .

False interpretation of the Bible/prophecy/prediction of the future.

Un scrupulous Christian may impart demoniac powers on innocent faithful

Some Christians who possesses the gifts of Holy spirit develop pride/superiority complex selfishness

Wrong use of the gifts of the Holy spirit where faithful get into ecstasy/trance which may lead to injuries.

Distinguishing oneself as a person with a special call/preacher with an intention of exploiting others/situations

Faith

Wisdom

Performing miracles

Healing

Distinguishing between spirits

Interpretation of tongues

Speaking in tongues

He was filled with the power of the Holy spirit

Was courageous/bold/strengthened /increased in faith

Preached the word/testified

Remembered scriptures of the Old Testament i.e Joel 23

Made wise decisions /advised people

Baptized new converts/300

He led the other disciples/spokesman /leader of the church

The holy spirit is a counselor/helper

He comforts

He teaches

He guides

He judges/convicts the world

He is the spirit of truth

He is a companion

He strengthens

He empowers

He reminds/convinces people on righteousness

He glorifies Jesus Christ

He reveals the things of God /reveal things to come

He told the people that the disciples were not drunk
They were filled by the Holy spirit as fulfillment of God’s prophecy
That Jesus was the son of God
God’s power was seen in the miracles, signs and wonders performed by Jesus.
Jesus had been killed by the Jews because of their wickedness
God raised Jesus back to life
Jesus was descendant of David
That Jesus ascended to heaven and is at the right hand of God.
Jesus is the Lord/Christ
He called the people to repent their sins so as to be forgiven
They were to be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ.

2006:.

The people who had the gifts of speaking in tongues despised those who did not have.
There was competition in speaking in tongues
There was no interpretation of tongues hence messages were not understood
People did not show love to one another as they used the gifts of the Holy spirit
There was disorder/confusion in worship as people with different gifts tried to outdo one another
People did not use the growth/ development of the church
Gifts such as prophecy/teaching/preaching/preaching were looked down upon.

Ways in which the Holy Spirit was manifested on the day of Pentecost.

Through a sound from heaven
Like a mighty rushing wind
As tongues of fire resting on each disciple
By the disciples being able to speak in different languages
By the disciples being able to speak in different languages
By Peter becoming courageous to preach
By many people being convicted of their sins
By many people repenting their wrongdoings

b) How the gifts of the Holy spirit are misused in the church to day

People demand favours/payment for performing miracles
People claim to be under the influence of the Holy spirit when they are not
There is too much emphasis on speaking in tongues at the expense of other gifts.
Those who have the gifts of the holy spirit are proud/boastful/look down upon others
People misinterpret the Bible/confuse others while claiming to the under the influence of the Holy Spirit.
Individuals cause divisions/splinter groups in the church claiming that the Holy Spirit has inspired them to start new churches/ministries
Sometimes gifts of the Holy Spirit are expressed in a disorderly manner in the church.
People use the gifts for self glorification
People speak in tongues without an interpreter hence creating misunderstanding
People use the gifts to instill fear/intimidate others.

a) The fruit of the Holy Spirit as taught by Saul Paul (Galatians 5: 22-23)

1. Love
2. Joy
3. Peace
4. Kindness
5. Goodness
6. Self Control
7. Gentleness
8. Patience
9. Faithfulness

Love
Peace
Patience
Kindness
Faithfulness
Self control
Goodness
Gentleness

Show their love and compassion to one another by supporting those who have been affected by HIV and AIDS
Christians show that their kindness by caring about non-believers and preaching the gospel to them
They help in working for peace where there is conflict
They have shown faithfulness when there seems to be despair so that others have known that God care for all.
Christians have shown self control when they have been accused falsely

14.

When the disciples were all praying there was a violent wind which filled the house
The believers saw what seemed to be tongues of fire that separated and came to rest upon each one of them
The believers spoke in other tongues
The apostle Peter was enabled by the Holy Spirit to be bold and he explained to the people the event that had just been witnessed.
About 3,000 people repented and were baptized

15.

The people who had the gifts of speaking in tongues despised those who did not have
There was no interpretation of tongues hence messages were not understood.
People did not show love to one another as they sued the gifts of the Holy Spirit.
There was disorder/confusion in worship as people with different fits tries to outdo one another.
People did not use their gifts for the growth/development of the church
Gifts such as prophecy/teaching/preaching were looked down upon.

CHAPTER TWO

UNITY OF BELIEVERS

Selfishness/agreed for money by some Christians.
Rivalry/competition for leadership positions/agreed for power
Misinterpretation by some Christians of work of the Holy Spirit.
Arrogance/pride by some Christians
Corruption in the church
Failure by the church leaders to live according to the law of God/their failure to live exemplary lives
Lack of concern by some Christians about the plight of others
Misinterpretation of the Bible/doctrinal differences.
Misuse of church funds/power by some leaders
Lack of transparency/accountability in running church affairs.
Political interference
Sexism/women are not involved in decision making/they are under-represented
Tribalism
Denominational differences

They met for prayers/prayed together in fellowship
They prayed for one another/for those in difficulties
They shared their belongings/property with one another/lived together.
They sold their property and distributed the money among themselves/according to each individuals needs.
They celebrated the holy communion together
They showed concern to /helped the less fortunate e.g widows
They welcomed each other to their homes/offered hospitality to other Christians in their homes
They solved problems/disputes affecting the church e.g. council of Jerusalem
Winning converts/accepting members to the church without discrimination e.g. gender, race.
Preached the same gospel of Jesus Christ
They removed divisive traditions/customs for the membership of the church.
Churches in different places kept in touch with each other through visit/missionary work
Churches in different places kept in touch with each other through visit.
Churches in the area sent help to the churches that were in need e.g. famine relief
The unity of the church was demonstrated through the work of the Holy spirit among Christians

Different interpretation of the Bible believes/holier than thou attitudes.
Differences due to historical legacy based on foundation principles/origin
Competition to win more converts to supersede the others
Lack of equity in resources which make some churches more developed than others
Greed to lead which make the various level of leadership uncooperative
Differences in the acquisition of church wealth
Differences arising from appointments of women as preachers
Differences due to the issue of acceptable Christians norms

In order to promote oneness of Christ
To share the scarce resources/minimize expenses.
In order to achieve effective evangelism/ministry
In order to adopt a common attitude to the integration of African culture in worship
To prevent the formation of splinter groups/cults
To reduce the internal wrangling
In order to have a common stand in dealing with issues affecting the society

(education/constitutional review/medical care)

They ignored the significance of feast taken as an ordinary meal
It led to drunkenness/disorderliness
It did not want to unite believers/created divisions in the church
It led to the oppression of the poor Christians/rich showed off
They took it when they were unworthy/profaned it.
They did not seek god’s blessings/gave thanks.

Reminds them of the death and resurrection of Jesus
Proclaims the death and resurrection of Christ until it comes
Unites the believers
Helps them to rededicate themselves /confess/pray
Reminds them of God’s love for humanity/strengthen their faith.
It is a thanks giving for God’s saving act.
It symbolizes the body and blood of Jesus
It is a foretaste of the second coming of Christ
In obedience of Jesus commands
It is a sign of the new covenant sealed in the blood of Jesus Christ.

a) The teaching of Jesus about the unit of believers from the vine and the

Branches

1. God is the vine dresser/Jesus is the true vine
2. The followers of Jesus/the Christians are the branches.
3. Christians are related to God through Jesus
4. The unfaithful Christians are the unfruitful branches which are cut away/destroyed
5. The faithful Christians/fruitful branches are pruned so as to produce more fruit
6. Christians can only bear fruits /do good things if they remain united to Christ
7. Through Christ all Christians are joined to one another.
8. Christians should rely on God for all providence
9. Love is [passed on to the Christians from god through Christ
10. Christians should observe/keep Gods commandments.

4 x2 =8mks

b) Ways in which Christians can prevent division in the church in Kenya

Today

Treat each other with love
Avoid discriminations/segregations/tribalism in the church

Preach/teach the word of God/bible truths to believers

Assist those in problems/poor/the less fortunate/the needy
Practice humility/avoid arrogance
Openly discuss issues affecting the church/respect the opinions of thither people.

Pray for one another/problems affecting the church
Practice transparent leadership style.

Give financial reports within acceptable period of time
Follow the church doctrines/constitutions/manuals/educate members on church procedures.
Repent/ask for forgiveness whenever they are wrong/accept their mistakes

Preparing a budget annually/seasonally ensuring that the resources are well utilized.
Guidance and counseling.

7×1= 7mks

the church
the bride
the body of Christ
vine and the branches
the people of god

Abrahams descendants were referred to as the people of god
Follows of Christ are described as the people of God
They are people chooses by God
They are special chosen race
They are a royal priesthood. They perform priestly tasks such as preaching, conducting church services and services
They are a holy nation
They are Gods own people
They are people who have received Gods mercy
They practice justice, love, perseverance, tolerance and appreciation for other Christians.
They called to declare the deeds of God

The bride represents the believers in Christ (Christ) and they are united to Christ who is the bride groom
The church is to be committed to Christ, just as the bride is to the bride groom. Christians as the bride of God should be pure and not corrupted in sin
Gods relationship to his people is perfect and will lat eternally
The brides patience in the union with Christ will not be in vain. God will wipe every tear from peoples eyes. There will be no death, mourning or pain
Committed Christians will be taken to anew home(heaven),just as the bride is taken home by the husband

10.

Vine is Jesus
Vine dresser is God
Branches are believers
Branches that do not bear fruit are believers who are unfaithful to God
Believer who remain with Christ will bear fruits otherwise those that do not will be pruned and thrown in eternal fire
Vine who is the Christ links us with God
Vine/Christ brings a relationship of love between God and men.

11.

The of Christ can be compared to the functions of the human body. Just as there is unity among various body parts so members of the body of Christ must be united
God has arranged all parts of the body so that they are all interdependent similarly, all gifts are important and for the benefit and enrichment of all
There should be no divisions in the church since all believers are members of the body of Christ so they should live a life worth god’s calling.
Christ ascension resulted in the fulfillment of God’s purpose for his people. The enemy has been defeated so they are all united in Christ in the church.
Jesus gave gifs through the Holy spirit to those who belong to him. They all work together to edify the church to enhance the unity in the body of Christ.

CHAPTER 3

SELECTED OLD TESTAMENT

PROPHETS AND THEIR TEACHINGS

Nathan’s prophecy to David that god will make his (David’s) descendant to rule over Israel/forever is affirmed by the angel Gabriel during the annunciation (Luke 1: 32)

The conception of Mary fulfils the prophecy of Isaiah (Isaiah 7: 14)
Jesus was born in the town of Bethlehem of Judah as had been prophesied by the prophet of Micah
When Jesus taught in the Synagogue in Nazareth at the beginning of this ministry, he quoted from Isaiah 61: 1-2 to affirm that he was the Messiah that Isaiah talks about when John sent his disciples to Jesus to enquire whether he was the Messiah.
The Messianic age is foretold in the Old Testament, is enacted by Jesus when he turns water into wine at Cana in Galilee/other miracles.
Through miracles Jesus shared the suffering of mankind, thus fulfilling the prophecy of the suffering servant (Isaiah 53:4)
The old Testament prophecy of the peaceful king is fulfilled by Jesus during the triumphant entry when he enters Jerusalem riding on a donkey. Isaiah 62:11
The rejection and death of Jesus were foretold in the old testament Psalms 118: 22-23
The new covenant foretold by Jeremiah is fulfilled by Jesus during the last supper/death /resurrection/forgiveness of sins
Any other relevant fulfillment.

People became concerned with the external practices/observances/their

Hearts were far from God/hypocrisy

Religion became too commercialized/money could be used to buy favours from God.
People broke the ten commandments/disobeyed God’s commands
People forgot the saving mighty works of God/worshipped foreign gods e.g. Baal, Asherah, idols
The poor were hated, despised/considered outcasts
The widows/orphans were neglected
People believed in false prophets/prophecies
People practiced syncretism.

A true prophet must have been called
A true prophet communicated God’s message to the people
A true prophet spoke with authority
A true prophet understood the nature of their prophecies
A true prophet acknowledged only one god
A true prophet received revelations in the form of dreams, visions and symbolic actions,
Their prophecies came to pass
They understood the nature of their prophecies
They proclaimed punishment and rewards to individual and to the whole nation
Their reductions were fulfilled

They spoke on behalf of god/God’s messengers/mouth pieces
They foretold the future events
They guided/counseled the kings
They called people back to repentance/gave messages of hope
They reminded the people about the covenant
They condemned the evil in society
They warned the people of God’s judgment
They made the people understand the nature of god.
They offered sacrifices to god
The anointed kings
They interpret the vision dreams from God/current events

a) Characteristics of false prophets in the Old Testament.

1. They asked for payment for their services/material gains.
2. They were self appointed/had no call from god
3. Their prophecies were not fulfilled
4. They spoke what the people wanted to hear/wanted to please the people
5. They raised false confidence among the people
6. They did not speak with authority when challenged
7. They spoke about doctrines/teachings that were contrary to the covenant
8. Their raised false confidence among the people
9. They did not speak with authority when challenged.
10. They spoke about doctrines/teachings that were contrary to the covenant
11. Their lives were not exemplary/hypocrites
12. They wanted favours from the kings
13. They were not ready to suffer for the truth
14. They undermined the work of the prophets

Differences between prophet in the Old Testament and traditional African

Communities. The Old Testament prophets stresses the worship of one God/monotheism while in some traditional African communities, prophets recognized many gods/goddesses.
The old testament received their power, guidance directly from god while the African traditional prophets got their power from god through the living dead/spirits

The old testament prophets faced opposition from their people while traditional African prophets were confined to their ethnic communities

The Old Testament prophets faced opposition from their people while the traditional African prophets were confined to their ethnic communities.
The work of OT prophets were recorded and reserved while ATR was handed over through oral traditions.

They acted as mediators between god and people
God spoke to prophets to communicate information about the future
They preached practical monotheism and condemned idolatry
They condemned all forms of social evils and ritual sins
They acted as the conscience of kings
They gave people hope of being restored to god if they repented their sins.

Christians should use the gift of prophesy for the glory of God
Christians like Old testament prophets should always stand for truth
Christians should always condemn the social political and economic evils such as corruption in the society
Christians like the Old Testament prophets should lead holy lives
They should expect persecution in their work as God’s messengers. Old Testament prophets like Jeremiah were rejected and persecuted by their own people.
Christians like the Old testament prophets should be ready to obey God’s call
Christians should realize that god is universal hence they should reach out to all people.

Lyrics
Prose narratives
Sermons
Letters-Jeremiah
Songs/poems
Lamentations
Lifestyles e.g. in Hosea
Miracles e.g. Moses and Elijah

They followed their own imaginations and filled people with false hope
False prophets had no personal knowledge of god. They received no visions or dreams from god.
The false prophets sued evil forces like magic to call upon the spirits.
They experienced themselves without authority before god and men
Their prophecies were not in line with the divine revelations
False prophets prophesied for payment and this was against the covenant that the Israelites had with God.
They derived materials benefits from the prophecies which pleased their clients
They served other gods and not Yahweh e.g. Baal.
They told their clients what they wanted to hear and not true things.

CHAPTER FOUR

AMOS

Selling into slavery those who could not pay their debts

The oppression of the poor and the weak

Sexual immorality

Hypocrisy/practicing empty religious, rituals when people’s hearts are far from it

Exploitation of the poor. A state where the poor were poorer and the rich ere becoming rather

Telling lies/dishonesty

Hypocrisy practicing empty religious, rituals when people’s hearts are far from it

Exploitation of the poor. A state where the poor were poorer and the rich were becoming richer

Telling lies/dishonesty

Misusing the house of God/profaning/desecration of the temple

III-treating the Nazarenes and the prophets

Idol worship

Injustice on the poor, weak and down trodden

Drunkenness

Cheating in business by use of false scales

Vision of a great swarm of locusts

Vision of a great fire

Vision of a crooked wall

Vision of a basket of fruits

Vision of the destruction of the altar.

They gave empty sacrifices which did not reflect holy lives
They practical syncretism
There was no sincerity in worship/hypocrisy
They made idols/worship/hypocrisy
They made idols /worshipped idols
They built many high places of worship for idols
They misused the temple by feasting/drinking
They refused to listen to the prophets of god/listened to false prophets
They misused the Sabbath
They practiced temple prostitution

a) Teachings of prophet Amos on the day of the Lord
i) It will be a day of terror and disaster
ii) God will punish the Israelites for their disobedience/He will remember their evil

deeds

iii) The land shall tremble/there will be earthquakes

iv) People will mourn /no happiness
v) There will be darkness at noon
vi) the feasts and festivals will not be joyful

vii) People will thirst/hunger for the word of God

viii) People will faint in the process of searching for the word of God

ix) It will be a day of disappointment to the Israelites
x) The wicked will not escape God’s judgment.

b) Ways in which Christians can help the church leaders to perform their duties

effectively

i) Giving financial /material help
ii) advising/counseling them on various issues

iii) Encouraging them in their work

iv) Participating fully in church activities/functions
v) Giving tithes and offerings faithfully
vi) Praying for them

vii) Respecting them

viii) Practicing/obeying the word of God

ix) Defending them against unfair criticism.
x) Providing training opportunities for them

a) The teaching of prophet Amos on social justice and responsibility.
i) The righteous could be sold for silver and the needy for a pair of shoes.
ii) The rich woman led luxurious lives and were unkind to the poor

iii) The rich woman encouraged their husbands to exploit the poor

iv) The rich people took an excess share of the harvest from the farmers
v) The rulers lived luxurious lives in good houses as the poor suffered thus

God would send them into exile.

vi) The rulers were arrogant, trusted in material things, drunk wine when the

poor had nothing to eat.

vii) The judges were corrupt and took bribes from the rich

viii) The wealthy merchants cheated the poor by using scales/selling the refuse

ix) the Israelites indulged in wine drinking and forced even those not supposed to drink, to do so

x) Those who spoke the truth were hated
xi) Prophet Amos advised the prople to seek good and avoid evil

xii) The Israelites indulged in sexual immorality, they provoked the almighty

God.

xiii) He advised against the misuse of the garments taken in pledge

xiv) Amos advised against robbery with violence.

8 x 1=8 mks)

b) How the church is promoting social justice in Kenya today

Providing education to the public on social justice/civic education

By respecting and following the laws of the country as laid down by the Government

By providing shelter to the needy

It preaches on social justice

The church prays for social justice in the country

The church gives food/clothing to the affected/aims/money

It advices the government on the need for the practice of justice in society

The church condemns preaching against/pointing out/social injustice in the society. 6×1=6mks

6 a)

There was clan distinction in Israel which was not allowed by the covenant way of life.

They did not respect the authority of God as their leaders

There were murder cases/crimes, which led to loss of life

The poor were oppressed by the rich/exploited them

There was increased immorality where there was prostitution and increases adultery

God is universal and expects his people to be morally and spiritually upright by obeying his commandments

Their behabiour should match their religious piety

Christians should shun evil and live according to God’s will

Christians should serve God only to avoid judgment of them

They should live exemplary life to give others courage to join the worship of god

Christians may fund themselves in hopeless and helpless situation hence no hope for the future.

An ordinary person from a simple family-shows God can use any person regardless of status to do his work

As a shepherd, he was prepared for his prophetic career to guid a different kind of flock

He was a leader of other herdsman the leadership qualities helped him as a prophet

He cultivated sycamore trees- he was hard working and could do more than one job at a time

He was from Judah and was sent to Israel to prove that the two kingdoms despite political divisions were still bound together by covenant.

The righteous were being sold for silver and the needy for a pair of shoes
Taking of the poor man’s garment/ millstone as guarantee for goods borrowed.
Women of Samaria nagged their husbands to exploit the poor as to meet and maintain their lifestyles.
The rich took excessive share of harvest from the farmers.
The rulers spent time drinking wine when the poor lacked the most basic need.
The poor were denied justice in the law courts
The poor were denied justice in the law courts
The temple prostitutes were from poor families
The poor made to work on the hand owned by the rich very little pay.

God’s law was to be obeyed so that their relationship with God and their fellow human beings was good.

Israelites were to respect other because they were cheated in the image of god

Amos condemned slavery where the poor and needy were enslaved by the rich

Amos condemned sexual immorality and temple prostitution practiced as form of idol worship.

Amos condemned robbery and violence that made the city insecure

Amos condemned bribery and corruption that were practiced in courts

Amos condemned agreed and excessive luxury among the few rich in Israel

Amos condemned self-indulgence and false sense of security

Amos condemned cheating in business.

CHAPTER FIVE

JEREMIAH

Towards the end of the seventh century B.C the Babylonians had become the most powerful nation in the Middle east through conquest.
The Israelites had forsaken the covenant way of life with the neighbours/the leaders of the people were corrupt/there was social injustice/lack of moral responsibility/accountability
The Israelites had broken the covenant relationship with God by forsaking the religion of their forefathers/by worshipping idols/practicing syncretism
Intermarriages with non-Israelites brought in foreign influence which made the Israelites run away from Yahweh to other Gods
The Israelites refused to listen to the voice of the prophet Jeremiah/prophets who tried to bring the people back to the covenant way of life
The Israelites also persecuted the prophets of Yahweh (Jeremiah)when they challenged them about their way of life/hypocrisy in order to silence them
The Israelites failure to take the opportunity given to them by the prophets to respect
Israelites failure to take the opportunity given to them by the prophets to respect
Israel had experienced a succession of weak rulers who did nothing to return the people to the covenant way of life.
In 603 B.C Nebuchadnezzar/Babylonians defeated the Egyptians at Carchemish leaving no obstacle to prevent the Babylonians from marching worth.
The Babylonians army capture Judah/the cities/forced king Johaiakim to accept Babylonians control
After three years of Babylonians rule, king Hohaiakim tried to overthrow the Babylonians rule (but he died suddenly) he was succeeded by the his son Jehoakim
The Babylonians army returned to Judah and surrounded the city of Jerusalem.
In 589 B.C the Babylonian army returned to Judah and surrounded the city of Jerusalem
In 587 B.C, the Babylonians broke into the city/destroyed the city/the temple of Jerusalem/most of the temple who survived the destruction were deported as exiles in Babylon.

Jeremiah was hesitant/said he did not know how to speak

He was afraid
He was not ready
He felt immature because he was young
He had dialogue with God/talked to God
Jeremiah saw two visions, which changed his attitude towards Gods mission for him
He accepted to be sent

Jeremiah taught that the Israelites would be restored.

When they came back from exile, they, they would be restored
When they came back from exile, they would prosper
They would live in peace
God would increase their number by them having many children/encouraged to marry/get children.
They would worship him alone/they would be people/he would be their God
They would live forever in the land God would give them
God would give them a king from David’s lineage who would rule wisely
The exile/suffering would not last forever/god had good plans for them/exile is God’s plan.
People would cry to God/he would answer their prayers
The law will be written in their prayers
The law will be written in their hearts
They will know God individually
Their sins will be forgiven
Individuals will be responsible for their own sins
Jeremiah encouraged them to build horses/plant gardens so as to prosper
They were encouraged to seek peace with their captors.
Jeremiah‘s purchase of land spelt out hope for the future.

He was arrested
He scroll was burnt by king Jehoiakim
He was thrown into cistern/well
He had difficulties in convincing the people that his message was true from Yahweh/faced opposition
He was beaten
He was insulted/referred /to as a traitor/mocked/ridiculed
He was barred from going to the temple
He was put in prison/dungeon/detained

They lacked adequate food/famine
Adapting to a new environment
Following/keeping the Babylonian officials
They lost their identity/discriminated
They were turned into refugees in Egypt, Moab, Edom, Ammon etc
They were not united
Their religious loyalty to god was undermined
They lacked places for worship/religious festivals
They were influenced into idolatry
There were false prophets

He condemned prostitution
He condemned tribalism
Corruption and bribery
Robbery and murder
Exploitation of the poor
Injustice denied to the poor
Selling of goods unfit for human consumption to the poor
Selling into slavery those who could not pay their debts
The oppression of the poor and the weak
Taking of bribes mostly in courts
Cheating in business by use of false scale.

The law will be written in people’s hearts and not on stone tablet
The new covenant will be between an individual and God/personal salvation/relationship
There will be individual responsibility/punishment for those who sin
The new covenant will be everlasting
The new covenant will be universal
There will be forgiveness of sins/they will not be remembered
There will be no mediators between God and individual
The new covenant will be fulfilled in the coming Jesus Christ.

They should internalize the law of God/ laws of god are their hearts
They should have personal relationship with God/know God personally
There is individual responsibility/punishment when one sins
There is forgiveness of sins if one repents/reconciliation
Christian have an everlasting relationship with God
Those who repent their sins have a new beginning
The need to have faith in God
They should obey/practice the law of God.
They learn that the new covenant is fulfilled in the coming of Jesus Christ.

Buying a new linen waistcloth and burying a new linen waistcloth and burying it in a cleft of the rock Jeremiah 13:1-11
Jeremiah was not to marry Jeremiah 16:1-18
The reworking of the vessels by the potter Jeremiah 18:1-17
The breaking of the earthen flask before the elders Jeremiah 19:1-15
He was shown two baskets of figs. One with good figs and another with bad figs. Jeremiah 24: 1-10
Wearing of the yoke Jeremiah 27: 1-15

10.

a) The temptations of Jesus in the wilderness before he began his public ministry

Jesus was led into the wilderness where he stayed for forty days
He ate nothing and therefore he felt hungry
The devil asked him to command a stone to become bread if he was the son of God
Jesus told him that man could not live by bread alone
The devil took Jesus up and showed him the kingdoms of the world and asked him to worship him, so that he could give him everything
Jesus told the devil that only god alone is to be worshipped and served
The devil took Jesus to the pinnacle of the temple and asked him to throw himself down for God would command angels to guard him
Jesus told the devil that one should not tempt God

b) Lessons Christians learn from the temptations of Jesus

They should be knowledgeable in scripture/biblical verses

They should resist the devil

Temptations are part and parcel of Christian life

They should have faith in God

They should worship God alone

They should not put God to test

They should not misuse the power of the Holy spirit

They should be content with what they have

Fasting is important in their lives.

11) a) significance of the symbolic act of buying land by a prophet Jeremiah

It showed the people of Judah still had a future despite the coming crisis/Judas will regain freedom after congest
It was an assurance that the people would be restored back to their homeland/reclaims their land
It demonstrated that the people would resume their normal lives/construct homes /cultivate land/own property
Divine judgment was not an end to itself
Restoration was to take place at God’s own time/God was to determine when the people would be restored back.
The people had to wait patiently for their return from exile.
It showed that God was loving/faithful/was to keep his promise of restoration/bring them back to their ancestral land.
It made them feel secure/they were not to lack anything.

4×2 =8mks

b) The suffering of prophet Jeremiah during his ministry

He was rejected by his own family/relatives
People made false accusations against him
He was threatened with death because of speaking for God
He lived a lonely and solitary life/was commanded to neither marry nor attend any social gathering
His message was rejected by the Israelites
He went through spiritual struggle as he saw the evil prosper while the righteous suffered
He was physically assaulted/beaten
The enemies attempted to kill him/He was put in muddy cistern
He was humiliated in public/mocked
He was imprisoned/jailed
He was arrested and put on trial.

c) Ways in which Christians resolve conflicts among themselves

They pray over the issue/problem
They offer guidance and counseling to the affected
Paying visits/talking to the offender/fellowship
By involving church leaders as arbitrators
Forgiving the one who has wronged the other/asking for forgiveness
Willingness by the offender to accept the mistakes made/accepting liability/pay for the damages
Withdrawing some privileges for a period of time so that one can reform
By sharing meals/eating together
Through shaking of hands/accepting a greeting. (5×1 = 5mks)

12.

The old covenant was made between god and the entire community while the new covenant would be between God and individual
In the Old Covenant, laws were written on stone tablets and this was external but in the new covenant, the laws would be written in the hearts of the people
The Old Covenant, stresses on collective responsibility for sin while the new covenant an individual would be responsible for his or her sin.
In the old covenant, the teachers of the law and parents were expected to pass the laws to the children. In the new covenant there would be little parental obligation for the knowledge of God is by personal experience
In the Old Covenant, animals were sacrificed while in the new covenant Jesus would be the ultimate sacrifice.
The Old covenant involved a mediator while the new covenant did not require a mediator since an individual would have a personal relationship with God.
In the new covenant, a man would be reconciled with God through permanent forgiveness of sin while in the old covenant, there was a temporary forgiveness of sins.
In the old covenant, the prophets taught the people about the will and character of God. In the new covenant the true knowledge about the will of God would be in the hearts of the people
The new covenant would be based on man’s free response while the old covenant was based on enforced laws or commandments
The old covenant was between God and Israelites while the covenant is universal

13.

People of his home town wanted to kill him
Members of his own family turned against him and betrayed him.
He was not to marry thus lived a lonely life
Was not supposed to join feasts or mounings to symbolize the suffering of Judah
Was ridiculed. Mocked and reproached wherever he went
Prince Pahsur had him beaten and put in stocks overnight.
He was arrested and imprisoned in a dungeon
He was put in cistern with no water
People ignored his prophecies
He was distressed because the wicked prospered and the faithless lived comfortably
He walked around carrying a wooden yoke-this made him tired

14.

After Jeremiah relayed god’s message to the people his own people and relatives plotted to kill him, this hurt and disturbed him

He was disturbed by the fact that the wicked were prosperous and the dishonest succeeded

He did his work faithfully and as a result people disliked and hated him. He felt lonely and unhappy and he cursed the day he was born

Jeremiah was mocked and laughed at by his people asking him why they were not seeing any fulfillment of what he was saying.

When Pashur, a priest hear Jeremiah preaching, he had him beaten and locked up in the temple for a night

Jeremiah’s prophecy of the destruction of the temple angered the people and they called him a traitor

Jeremiah suffered more by being put into prison after he was beaten and accused of siding with the Babylonians

He was thrown into a cistern with no water in it but only mud to die there.

Jeremiah’s wearing of a yoke around his neck annoyed false prophets

5a)

King Jehoikim shed innocent blood regardless of prophetic advice
People practiced Baal worship/idol worship
Child sacrifice practiced
Pagan idols were set up e.g. in temple
Hypocrisy
Offering of sacrifices to idols
Moral decay among Israelites
False prophets were obeyed /respected
Oppression and exploitation of the poor by those in power
False belief about the temple
Social injustices

Christians should denounce hypocrisy e.g. shouldn’t pretend to be upright in public yet in secret engage in corruption, sexual immorality etc.
Christians should speak out against modern idols like money, power drug abuse
Christians should condemn destruction of human life and violence in general e.g. abortion, murder/must uphold sanctify of human life
Christians must be aware of existence of false teaching and prophesies in their midst and should guard themselves not to fall into their traps.
Christians should pray for God’s guidance to distinguish true from false prophets condemn dishonesty
Christians should strive to be trustworthy and condemn dishonesty.
Christian to practice justice in their relationship with others and so preach against all forms of injustices
Christians should not result to witchcraft, divination or sorcery when faced with problem in life
Christians should proclaim divine judgment on those who refuse to obey God’s will.

CHAPTER SIX

NEHEMIAH

The officials of Tekoa did not co-operate with him
He was ridiculed by San ballat and Tobiah.
He received threats of violence from the enemies
A trap was laid to derail his mission of rebuilding the wall
There was a plot to kill him
Insecurity from the enemies
False prophets tried to discourage him
Opposition from the Jewish nobles
False accusation from his enemies.

Nehemiah prayed when he learnt about the suffering of the Jews back in Judah
When his enemies ridiculed the Jews to discourage them from rebuilding the wall of Jerusalem
When he learnt about his enemies conspiracy to attack Jerusalem to stop the constructions work
After his condemnation of oppression of the poor, Nehemiah prayed asking God to reward him.
When his enemies plotted to destroy him to stop the rebuilding of the wall
When Sheheiah attempted to Frighten him asking him to hide in the temple because there was a plot to kill him
When he cleansed and re-organised the temple liturgy for effective worship of Yahweh
After cleansing the Israelites of foreign influence

Prayers enable Christians to seek god’s guidance in times of difficult and when making important decisions
Through prayers Christians thank and praise God for his love and confess their sins
Prayers strengthen Christians and enable them to continue with any difficult work they may have embarked on.
It is through prayers, Christians can repent their needs to God
Prayers help Christians are able to enter into a personal relationship with God.
Prayers are used as elements of worship
Prayers is part of Christian rituals e.g. in marriage or in fellowship
It’s a way to communicate with god.

a) Occasions when Nehemiah prayed

Before asking King artaxexas to let him go back to Judah
When he learnt that the Jews in Judah were suffering and the walls of Jerusalem were in ruins.
When his enemies made fun of the Jews and discouraged them from building the wall of Jerusalem
When the enemies conspired to attack Jerusalem to stop the construction work
After he condemned the leaders for oppressing the poor
When his enemies planned to harm him
When he was frightened by shemaiah to hide in the temple claiming that there was a plot to kill him
When he cleansed and reorganisd the temple for worship
After warning the people of Judah against violating the Sabbath law
When he had chased away the son-in-law of Sanbalat
After cleansing the Israelites of the foreign influence.

b) Ways Nehemiah demonstrated qualities of a good leader

He was hardworking/committed to his work
He faced opposition/challenges courageously
He prayed and consulted God in all situations
He had vision/foresight for the nation/Jews
He recognized other peoples’ abilities/allowed them to perform different duties.
He was concerned about the life of his people
He was patriotic
He made wise/firm decisions in different circumstances
He was honest
He served as a role model/participated in the rebuilding of the wall in Jerusalem
He endured persecution

c) The importance of prayer in the life of a Christian today

It enables one to gain power over temptations
It expresses one’s obedience before god
One is able to give thanks to God for the many blessings
So as to ask for god’s protection/care in all that one does
In order to ask for forgiveness for the wrongs done
One is able to intercede for others
In order to show/acknowledge god as the provider of everything
So as to praise/glorify/exalt god
To seek for guidance/direction for god
One is able to communicate with god
It expresses humility between God

Lack of co-operation from the nobles
Opposition from his enemies
The Jews did not observe their religious traditions
The temple was not honoured
The tithes and offerings which were supposed to take care of the Levites and singers were not being collected
The people broke the Sabbath law
The priesthood was defiled by the priests who married foreign women
Nehemiah received many death threats.

As a Pious and God fearing leader, he led the Israelites in rebuilding the walls of Jerusalem
As a practical man, he made important decisions if the building the walls of Jerusalem
As a good planner, he planned his work clearly and encouraged people to work effectively
He used his mobilization ability to organize the people so that every area was careered for some worked, others guarded the projects others protected the builders
He was able to inspire the people to do what he wanted them to do
As a wise leader, he was able to deal with the problem of debtors and creditors to their satisfaction
As a patient and caring leader, helped the needy who in turn supported him and his work
As a great reformer, he instilled socio-economic and religious reform in the temple and on the Sabbath observance.

Both led prayerful lives
Both had compassion for their people
Both led in the cleansing of the temple
Both faced opposition during their missions
Both led exemplary lives
Both came to restore the relationship between God and men

He denounced marriages between Jews and foreigners
He purified the temple after sending away the Samaritan Tobiah who had been residing in the temple
He reorganized the tithing system
He made up a panel of four to look into the distribution of tithes to priests/Levites/musicians
Upheld the law of the Sabbath
Commanded Levites to guard the temple against traders
Made Jews to the loyal to mosaic law.

Leaders should trust in god and seek his guidance.

Should be prayerful
Should have courage
Should work hard and be committed to their duties
Should set their goals and organize their activities
Should seek wisdom from God.
Should be concerned with the needy
Should be patriotic
Should seek God first and be good role model
Should condemn all forms of injustices in society
Should be honest
Should have a spirit of team work
Should have comparison..

FORM FOUR

CHAPTER TWO

CHRISTIAN APPROACHES TO HUMAN SEXUALITY, MARRIAGE AND FAMILY

In traditional African Communities marriage is a rhythm of life through which everyone must undergo. Today a person can decide to marry or not marry.
Procreation as a purpose for marriage is more emphasized in traditional communities than modern society where marriage is regarded complete even without children
Polygamous family is highly respected in Traditional encouraged
In Traditional society, the husband is the head of a family but in modern society, the husband and wife tend to be seen as complementary
Choosing a marriage partner and marriage arrangement were a collective responsibility in traditional communities but today marriage is mainly seen as an individual affairs
In Traditional African Communities the significance of dowry was social and religious. Today, too much economic significance is attached to dowry
In Traditional African Communities people looked for a marriage partner who was hardworking /strong/healthy
Today marriages are highly commercialized and qualities looked for are riches, education and beauty.

Sex education was given to the youth in order to instill discipline
The youth were made aware of the dire consequences or irresponsible sex leading to pregnancy before marriage
Sex before marriage was prohibitive in most traditional African communities/virginity was highly valued
Girls who become pregnant before marriage were severally punished.
Young men who were found to have impregnated a girl before marriage were also punished
Parents were held responsible for their daughters conduct
During social occasions young people were supervised so that they did not misbehave.
There was physical separation of sexes. They lived in separate houses
There were traditional African community was concerned about the moral integrity
Sexes were taught to respect each other

Drugs abuse among the youth
Permissiveness in the society/lack of discipline
Pornography from print media
Pornography from print media
Poverty which has led some to turn to commercial sex
Lack of proper sex education for the youth to seek consolation in sex among other things
The wrong role models from the adults
Peer group
Parents have abandoned their role of teaching the youth about the facts of life to the schools which are doing very little.

Should provide pastoral care/guidance and counseling
Accept them in church
Provide them with material help where necessary
Visit them
Pray with them involve them in church activities
Encourage them to get married
Invite them to church seminars on family life

Unfaithfulness

Misuse of family resources
Lack of communication
Child abuse e.g. raping, beating
Alcoholism/drug abuse
Separation of family members e.g. due to wage/labour/education
Denial of conjugal rights
Sickness e.g. AIDS, Cancer etc
Child delinquency
Lack of tolerance/forgiveness
Greed for wealth/self esteem
Religious finalism/denominational differences
Traditional inhibitions /influence
Peer group influence/permissiveness
Generation gap.

Through guidance and counseling
Hold seminars/conferences for couples, youths and children.
Through publications on Christian living e.g. magazines, books etc
Use of mass-media
Through publications on Christian living e.g. magazines, books etc
Use of mass-media
Through offering pastoral care in homes/house to house visits
Giving financial support to needy families
Offering employment to the jobless
Providing vocational training /skills
Praying for families.

Guided an acceptable eating habits/discipline
Outlined social relationships/kinship ties
Respect for elders /leaders
Maintenance of respect for God
Help in maintenance of dignity/integrity
Guided an acceptable eating habits/discourages vices such as gluttony, greediness etc
Create harmony /maintain law and order/promoted peace in society.

Sex before marriage-fornication
Sex outside marriage- adultery
Prostitution, bestiality
Homosexuality lesbianism/sodomy/oral sex
Pornographic literature/mass media/use of technological devices in sex
Masturbation, Incest
Rape/defilement of the underage

Social stigma/suffers isolation
Economic crises due to high rate of opportunistic diseases
Poverty due to medication
Suffers depression as they watch their person wear off
They condemn the person as a sinner
They have to exercise high hygienic standards to ensure safety of other members
Suffers a drawback in their occupation as most time is spent caring for the patient
Struggle a lot to provide required diet for proper maintenance
Pretend to show love though they suffer bitterness inside themselves
Quarrels/misunderstanding within the family.
Quarrels/misunderstanding within the family

Giving bride price as a token of appreciation to bride’s family
Exchanged of gifts among the family members performed religious rituals
Held ceremonies where food and beer were shared among friends and families.
Exchanged visits by the families of the bride and the groom
Marriage negotiations were held
Celebrations through songs and dances
Oathing.
Virginity of bride to be proved.

Many children were viewed as a source of wealth.
Effective family planning
To ensure unity in the community
To acquire wealth through bride price
Children ensured security in old age
The more the children the longer the immorality
To reduce irresponsible sexual behaviour such as adultery, prostitution
Curb bareness
One’s social status was measured by the number of wives one had
Co-wives worked as a team to boost man’s wealth
To avoid getting children of one sex
Land was plenty to accommodate large families
Due to high mortality rate due to epidemics thus one needed to marry many wives

Sexual education was given t the youth
Girls who become pregnant before marriage were severely punished
Sex before marriage was prohibited
Parents were held responsible for their conduct
During social occasions such as dances, youths were supported so that they did not misbehave
There was physical separation of sexes, boys and girls lives separately
There was physical taboos, rules and regulations on sex relationships
There was act of early marriage
There was act of early marriage
The whole community was concerned about the moral fibre.
The youths were made aware of the consequences of irresponsible sex
Pregnant girls were forced to marry old men in the community
The man who was found responsible for the pregnancy was forced to marry the girl

When sexual demand is not met in marriage relationship
Peer group influence and pressure
Separation due to employment or divorce may cause prostitution to the affected as he may need company for sexual relationship
Pornographic literature and films makes others to indulge in the evil
Lack of income to earn a living
Employment –some women leave their rural home to search for jobs and if they fail they are forced to result to prostitution
Extreme poverty to an individual.

they helped pregnant women in delivery services
The midwives took care of the weak mother and child
They gave advice to the parents of the mother on ways of bringing up the child

A relative/mediator identifies a girl from a family and suggests to the family of the young man
Parents make decisions for their children when still young
Parents make decisions for their children when still young
Parents of the boy visits the parents of a girl to ask for her hand in marriage
The young people could court and choose who to marry
The first wife chooses a girl for her husband
Bride dowry could be paid to a family well in advance
A young girl can be given as a gift to another family
Some exchange the girls from the two families
One could inherit a brother’s wife
A young girl could be given as a way of settling disputes/replace the one who had died /paying debits.

Marriage is permanent/highly valued
There is investigation concerning the family to be involved in the marriages/courtship allowed in some communities
Many people are involved in marriage negotiations
The wife belonged to the husband and the larger communities
Payment of dowry and children seal the marriage
Elaborate marriage procedures makes it difficult for one to divorce
Fear of paying fines/returning bride wealth in case divorce
Marriage disputes are handled by parent/elders
In case of bareness/impotence an alternative is sought e.g. Polygamy
Boys and girls are taught about sex
Gender roles are clearly observed

Loss of parental love
Can lead to school dropouts
Children run away from home-become street children
Can lead to child abuse/labour
Many engage in prostitution/crime to produce for themselves
Lead to disease/death

Praying for them/preaching to them
Guiding and counseling them
Providing medical services for them
Providing basic needs for both the infected and family members
Educating them on ways of avoiding re-infection and teach them to live positively.
Initiating income generating activities to provide employment for them
Preaching against discrimination/advocating for legislation to support their existence
Building homes and shelters for them
Visiting them

It enhances conjugal rights in the family
It upholds dignity of the family members. Children respect their father
Security is enhanced
Love is divided
It eases wrangles on property ownership/inheritance
It is a covenant protected by god/the state
Law and order prevails in the family/there is unity
It reduces chances of being infected with sexually transmitted infections, HIV/AIDS
Providing for family needs is easier
It is easier to develop mutual confidence/trust among family members
It reduces delinquency among the children
The woman takes pride in the marriage

It’s a continuation of Jesus’ works of healing
The church has a duty to guide and counsel/promotes moral values in the society
To cater for infected/affected members of the community
To conserve god’s creation
It’s the duty of the church to help reduce human suffering
To promote economic development
To promote peace in the family/co-existence

a) Christian teaching on marriage

Marriage should be between a man a woman
Marriage should be monogamous
Husband should love the wife
Husband and wife should be complementary/help each other
Marriage should be for companionship
Husband and wife should be faithful to each other
Conjugal right should be enjoyed in marriage/sex should only be for married couples
The wife should submit to the husband
Husband and wife should respect/cherish each other
Marriage is permanent/it is a commitment/ no divorce
Marriage is God’s plan for human beings /it was instituted by god
The husband and wife should cleave to each other/become one/one flesh
Marriage provide for procreation/Multiplications

How Christians prepare for marriage
Pray to god for guidance in getting a partner
Identify the person to marry
Inform the parents/guardians about the person to marry
Propose to the would be spouse
Inform the church leaders about their marriage plans
Attend seminars/counseling sessions on marriage
Visit the parents/family of the would be spouse to discuss marriage arrangements/get consent
Make arrangements to give dowry
Arrange with the church on when the marriage can take place/fix a wedding date
Identify the marriage witnesses/best man/maid /best couple
Ensure there is availability of finance/resources

Reasons why some Christians break their marriage vows
Due to unfaithfulness/adultery
Lust/covetousness
Financial constraints/poverty
Pressure from in laws
Lack of faith in God
Influence from friends/peers
Lack of guidance and counseling
Lack of children/barrenness/having children of one sex
Hypocrisy/pretence
Effects of mass media/foreign culture
Poor role model
Denial of conjugal rights/dissatisfaction

12.

Sex is sacred
Man and woman are created for companionship
A woman was created to complement man
The man and woman share the image of God/are equal
They become one in marriage
Sexual intercourse is life giving and procreation
Human beings have the ability to control sexual desires
All forms of irresponsible sexual behavior are condemned

13.

Loneliness
Lack of mother/ father figure
Experience identity crisis/psychological problems
Social problem/humiliation/teasing
Lack of acceptance by community
Economic hardships
Problems in adopting to marriage life/when they finally marry
Lack of sexual satisfaction.

14.

It interferes with God’s intention for marriage
It is an unnatural union/ abuse of the sacredness of sex
It goes against Christian ethics and African values/lack of morals
It is dishonorable to God/sin before god
God created a man and a woman for procreation/procreation is not practical between same sexes
It lowers the dignity of human beings
It is a form of sexual immorality/condemned in the bible
It can lead to spread of diseases.

15.

Permissiveness in the society
Lack of self control
Influence form mass media
Mental illness/stress
Erosion of African culture
False religion/devil worhipping/strange cult
To avenge for oneself
Breakdown of religious values
Irresponsible parenthood
Drugs and alcohol abuse
Indecent dressing
Leniency on the part of law enforcement agencies to the offenders
Idleness
Poverty/unemployment

16.

The bible condemns it
It is against god’s command
Can create family conflicts
It can cause psychological problems e.g. anger, guilt, shame e.t.c
It is a disgrace to people involve
Children born out of incestuous relationship may have genetic problems
Christians have a duty to condemn evil in society

17.

Unfaithfulness
Drug abuse/alcohol
One partner engaging in child abuse
Gossip/peer influence
In-law interference
Lack of sexual satisfaction
Poverty / differences in income
Difference in levels of education
Misuse of family resources by one partner
Differences in religious faith/doctrine.

18.

Offering guidance/pre-marital counseling
Condemning pre-marital sex
Praying with/for them
Offering financial assistance for wedding preparation
Emphasizing on church wedding/discourage elopement
Church leaders setting an example for youth to emulate
Organizing seminars/retreats/drama to educate them
Teaching them about responsible parenthood/their roles as husband/wives
Teaching the Christian purpose of marriage

19.

Some parents prefer educating boys to girls
To prepare them for leadership positions
To empower them socially/economically
To provide them with equal opportunities with boys
Girls and boys are equal in the eyes of god
In some communities, girls are married off at a very early age.

20.

Procreation
Polygamy
Women were subordinate to their husbands
Divorce was rare
Relationships between in-laws were maintained well
Marriage promoted one’s status
Marriage was a covenant relationship and was not to be broken unless there were extreme problems

21.

Lack of emotional satisfaction due to lack of love or sexual deprivation
Economic pressure/frustrations due to inability to meet basic needs
Job /work pressure i.e. frustration due to inability to meet work conditions
Differences on how to rear children
Number of children/sex of children /childlessness
Drug abuse
Unfaithfulness
Interference from in-laws

22.

Poverty/ unemployment
Lack of role models
Socio-cultural factors e.g. circumcision, wife inheritance, cleansing rituals
Separation of spouses due to work, further studies/imprisonment
Availability of pornographic materials
Parental negligence/lack of guidance
Influence from friends/peers
Breakdown of moral values
Negative influence of Western culture

23.

It may lead to death
May lead to pregnancy as it is not 1005 effective
May encourage unfaithfulness
May cause psychological effects
Can render one childless in future when one needs a child
High chances of contracting HIV/AIDS
Negative effects from hormonal contraceptives such as pills and injections e.g. cancer, bleeding
Concentrate on studies first, there is time for everything
Sex is sacred and only allowed in marriage.

24.

Age
Family background
HIV status of a person/health status
Education background
Cultural/ethnic or racial background
Economic/social status

25.

When mother’s life is in danger.
Pregnancy out of wedlock
Need to safeguard reputation of an individual the family
Unwanted pregnancies (as a result of rape)
Need to allow the girl to continue with her education
Extreme economic hardship/poverty
Failure of men to accept responsibilities
Neglect of professional ethics by medical personnel
Abuse and misuse of medical drugs
Permissiveness in the society

26.

Use of power of prayer
Avoid staying alone e.g. in dark places with a person from the opposite sex
Good guidance and counseling from church leaders
Choose the right leisure activities
Read the bible for enlightenment and encouragement
Read literature on human sexuality to remove ignorance
Always be busy/avoid idleness
Obey god’s command on purity until marriage
Avoid arousing each other e.g. kissing
Always be decently dressed
Avoid watching pornography.

CHAPTER THREE

CHRISTIAN APPROACHES TO WORK

Both work and leisure were instilled by God during creation so they are both important to the life of human being
Work is exhausting so we need leisure to replenish lost energy
While work is a means of acquiring basics for life leisure guarantees celebrate that which has been earned through work
Both work and leisure are God’s command (Exodus 20: 8)
Doing work which is not our regular occupations can be a form of leisure
Work can lead one into tensional/frustrations leading to depression. Well planned leisure activity may counteract the depression
Since god worked and took rest, human beings should also do the same
Leisure gives one an opportunity to perform work of charity
To a Christian, leisure does not mean to indulge in immoral activities
Leisure gives us an opportunity to praise God for the work accomplished

Shows disobedience to lawful institutional authority which is against biblical teachings
Disrupts peaceful working atmosphere
Leads to waste of time and resources
Could lead to destruction of property
May lead to loss of life which goes against Gods commandments
May lead to sacking/unemployment/suffering of the individual and their dependants
Leads to bitterness/hatred /frustrations/revenge

Open more technical institutes for masons, carpenters, electricians.
Provide guidance and counseling for positive attitude towards work
Enhance sense of responsibility in work
Giving them assistance in obtaining the equipment to staff small scale enterprises e.g. sewing machines
Help them in obtaining premises for their business

God ordained work
Jesus condemned idleness in his ministry in the parable of the talents
Idleness may lead to antisocial activities e.g. beggars
It dehumanizes individuals
Christians should emulate Jesus example of hard work
Idleness leads to one being a social parasite e.g. beggars
It is a rebellion against gods intention for human beings
It retards development of God given talents

The growth rate of Kenya’s economy is lower than the population growth
Inadequate land for those who want self employment in agriculture sector
Inadequate funds to start economic ventures
Adoption of lifestyles that do not promote development e.g. Drug addiction
A great part of Kenya has low potential
Wrong attitude instilled in the youth by the society
The youth think they should only do the white collar jobs
Poor job distribution where some people hold more than one job.
Policies that allow foreigners to take up jobs which would have been performed by Kenyans
Low investment ability due debt crisis and conditions set by donor countries
Application of redundant practices by both the government and the private sector i.e. Retrenchment
Liberalization of market which has led to influx of cheap goods thus leading to closure of some industries
Corruption/nepotism/tribalism.

Employ people as pastors
Has set up youth polytechnic to provide vocational training
Sponsors people through scholarship and bursaries to enable them acquire the necessary skills for employment
Church ran training colleges/universities where people are prepared for different careers
Encourage positive attitude towards all types of jobs
Enhance establishment of institutions which provide employment opportunities e.g. Schools, hospitals
Provides funds to start small scale income generating industries and projects.
Sustain self-help groups by helping them to make products and market them thus creating job opportunities.

Hours of work
Education/qualifications of an employee
Experience of an employee
Value of work
Needs of the employee/state of economy of the country
Dangers/risks of job to be done
Profits/returns of the work
The ability to pay
The amount of work to be done

Poor working relationship/lack of respect
Leads to exhaustion/fatigue
Can result in poor health/death
Can result in go-slow
There is mistrust/need to be supervised so as to work
Can lead to strikes/riots/violence
Leads to family conflicts/suspicion/divorce
Lack of time for spiritual nourishment/worship
Leads to negative attitude towards work

a) Factors that contribute to unemployment in Kenya today

High population whereby there are too many people for the available job opportunities.
Lack of money to start individual businesses/unavailability of finances
Some people lack skills which make them not to be absorbed in the job market
Rural-urban migration-many people are congested in towns where job opportunities are limited
Foreign aid-dependence on foreign aid causes the donors to give conditions of employment that is lean service
Selfishness/greed- some Kenyans have more than two jobs, while others lack
Education system-Many Kenyans prefer white collar jobs after school and because of stiff competition for available spaces, many remain unemployed
Negative attitude towards work-some Kenyans lack the initiative to do or participate in economic activities just idle around
Unequal distribution of wealth. Some regions have more resources that create employment than other.
New technological advance that has led to retrenchment
Highly qualified in preference to less qualified
Insecurity/increase in crime discourages local and international investors
Bad governance/poor economic policies by government.

b) Causes of conflicts between the employer and employees in Kenya today

Lack of respect to the employer by employers/vice versa.
Employees not given time for leisure/leave
Poor working conditions/environment
When the employees do not receive their wage/not paid on time
When employers fail to consider the welfare of employees allowances
When employees fail to accomplish tasks within the expected time/poor firm management
When employees are allowed to join trade unions
Unequal chances of promotion/discrimination by the employer/lack of promotion
Poor/low remuneration.
Sexual harassment by the employer
Differences in religious affiliation between employer and employee
Racial/tribal/ethnic differences may bring conflict
Misuse/destruction of property by the employee
Divulging the secrets of the employer/organization 8×1 =8mks

c) The role of a Christian during a strike

Not to take part in the strike
Encourage other people to find better means of solving the problem
To inform the authority of any grievances if they are not aware/mediate.
To pray for a solution to the problem/seek God’s guidance for a solution to the problem
Should not take part in violent demonstration/encourage peaceful demonstration
To report the matter to the nearest Police station 4×1=4 mks

- Long working hours
- Being underpaid or denied wages
- Physical and sexual abuse
- Being to make a profession art of begging
- Being introduced into crime at an early age
- Denial of health care and education
- Denial of air their grievances
- Verbal abuse
- Denial to go to church and fulfill their spiritual needs

Practicing justice in the way they deal with workers
Advocating for the rights of children
Establishing legal clinics that can’t take up court cases of child abuse through labour and neglect
Teaching other about Jesus attitude towards children and calling them to be accountable for the way they treat children
Prosecuting those who contravene the law against child labour
Rescuing those who contravene the law against child labour
Rescuing children who are employed and neglected and providing them with shelter. Clothing, health care and education
Helping poor parents to take care of their children by providing them with jobs
Educating parents that child labour, abuse and neglect is a crime and sin

Underpayment/delay with payment
Unhealthy working conditions
When employees are over worked
Refusing employees to take leave/observe national holidays
Lack of promotion/ salary increment/lack of motivation to employees
Some employers harass their employee sexually, abuses and quarrels
Some employees do not efficient/diligent in his work
If the employee is not royal/no respect for employer
Employees are not efficient/diligent in his work
If the employee is not royal/no respect for employer
Employer not allowing employees to have freedom of expression

10.

Hatred amongst themselves
Physical injuries/death
Deduction of salaries
Interdiction of leaders at strike.
Loss of job
Family instability
Bad report and recommendation thus failure to get a job elsewhere
Family separation/divorce.

11.

Desire for money
Poverty due to unemployment or single parenthood
Exploitation of children due to their ignorance
Dropping out of school due to reasons like pregnance
Lack of schooling
Lack of guidance and counseling for children
Lack of guidance and counseling for children
Lack of role models
Cultural values e.g. children drop out of school once they are circumcised
Lured by employers
Being homeless
Attraction to urban areas
Availability of cheap labour from children
Permissiveness in society

12.

Creating enabling environment to borrow loans to finance businesses
Expanding Jua kali/informal sector.
Organizing trade fairs/shows to present goods produced locally
Seminars/workshops held to train self employed people
Creating trading/business zones in towns that charge lower taxes
Current 8.4.4 education is geared towards self employment
Funding by the government through the ministry of youth affairs.

13.

Christians should work in order to fulfill god’s command
Those who do not work should not eat
Christians should work in order to provide for their basic needs
People should work to help the poor/needy
Christians should work so as to follow Christ’s example
They should work in order to pay tithes to promote God’s work
Workers should be paid their dues/should not be exploited
Laziness is condemned

14.

Diligence/hard work
Honesty, integrity
Faithfulness/commitment
Responsibility, Loyalty, Tolerance
Cooperation

15.

People should be paid for their work as agreed upon.
Workers should be paid wages commensurate to the amount and value of work done
Employers should not take advantage of poverty of the employees/hired labour
Human beings should not be enslaved to work
Employers who defraud their workers in wages are condemned
Oppression of the poor is condemned
Workers wages should never be withheld

16.

They guide employees in their relationship with the clients
They help in maintaining the public image of the profession which must be good
They caution on influential person against pressure from certain individuals to reveal or disclose professional secretes or confidential information
They regulate the profession and upheld the dignity of individuals in the organization
They help members of society/clients to develop confidence
They outline the behavior/competence expected of a worker of a particular profession
For good relations between him/her colleagues.

CHAPTER FOUR

CHRISTIAN APPROACHES TO LEISURE

It leads to conflicts/quarrels within the family
Misuse of family resources
May lead to addiction
Leads to irresponsible sexual behaviors e.g. prostitution. Adultery, fornication
Could lead to loss of income
May lead to irresponsibility which leads to divorce/separation/crimes etc
Leads to accidents such as motor accidents

Organize/attend religious seminars
Visit/pray for the sick/prisoners
Participate in church choir/concerts
Offer services to the aged
Read religious literature e.g. bible
Keep the church and its environment clean
Have fellowship with other Christians
Initiate self-help projects to assist the needy
Provide guidance and counseling to the community
Preach the work of God
Visit relatives and friends
Be with family members
Listen to Christian preaching/songs on radio.
Watch Christian films/video

Drains family resources
Flights in families may occur
Leads to disease
Leads to family break ups/separation/divorce
It reduces ones capacity to be productive in the family
Results in making wrong decisions/judgment
Leads to denial of conjugal rights
Leads to loss of religious values
Leads to poor role model for children
Leads to crime/imprisonment

Practicing self control
Praying against being tempted
Seeking guidance and counseling
Avoiding the company of those who misuse drugs
Reading literature on the correct use of drugs
Participating in activities that promote proper use of drugs/healthy activities.

Gives one time to visit the sick/needy
For dedicating oneself to God/worship God
Provide an opportunity to fellowship with others
It allows one to develop the different talents given by God
It gives one an opportunity to meet new friends/family
One is able to read the word of God.
Provides an opportunity for one to preach/evangelize
Provides an opportunity to guide and counsel others and be guided
Provides one with opportunity to take care of the environment

Too much money/wealth/availability of drugs /contraceptives
Inadequate facilities
Lack of proper guidance/education on how to use leisure
Poverty
Inability to make right decisions
Bad company peer pressure
Watching /reading pornographic materials/negative media
Misunderstanding in families/frustrations
Inability to balance between different activities
Permissiveness
Lack of role models
Idleness/boredom/unemployment

Poor role models
Stress/depression/rebellion
Peer pressure/curiosity
Influence of mass media
Availability of drugs/wealth
Irresponsible parenthood
Lack of guidance and counseling
Corruption/greed.
Poverty
Moral decay/permissiveness in the society
Lack of knowledge/ignorance on use of drugs
Idleness
Urbanization/west culture

Making guidance and counseling services available to the youth
Sensitizing them on the dangers of drug abuse/addiction
Enhancing laws against drug abuse
By enforcing laws dealing with drug abuse so that drug peddlers are prosecuted in a court of la
Exposing them to religions activities/positive leisure activities
Set good examples by elders through avoiding drug abuse
Encouraging them in productive activities to avoid idleness
Show love to drug addicts

It enables one to worship God
It allows one tem to socialize with relatives and friends
Allows time to relax
Allows time to create new energies
Helps one to read the bible for spiritual growth
Allows him to pray for others and for himself
Helps one to visit the sick, prisoners, widows orphans
Allows time to improve his knowledge
Allows time to increase one supplement e.g baking, running.
Failure to collect and balance passive and active leisure
Misunderstanding in the family
Poor planning may lead to overindulging
Poverty/too much wealth
Feeling of insecurity
Social oppression/Injustice may interfere with people’s freedom to involve in leisure
Influence of mass media.

CHAPTER FIVE

CHRISTIAN APPROACHES TO WEALTH MONEY AND POVERTY

Bride price was given as a token of appreciation to the girls parents
Through barter trade
Through inheritance of property from parents/guardians/relatives
Gifts were given in appreciation of talents/good conduct/loyalty
Through warfare/raids
Through marrying many wives/getting many children who provided labour force
Through of skills like tool making/weaving/pottery/welding
Those with talents like medicine men/diviners/rainmakers sold their services
Those who worked hard e.g. through clearing forests/breaking of virgin land enriched themselves.

There is use of corruption/bribery/ giving false witness
The people are discriminated against because of poverty
There is power struggle to acquire wealth/riches and to protect is
Wages labour has undermined the family unit
People sell family land and end up living in squatters
There is rise of individualism/unwillingness to share
Dependence on foreign and aid has underlined the virtue of hard work to earn a living
Development of a class system in Africa
There is rural urban migration leading to weakness in family ujnit
Bride price/marriage has been commercialized thus undermining love
Struggle to acquire wealth has undermined commitment to God.

Through financing the spread of gospel.
Contribution towards the construction of hospitals/schools/churches/homes for the old and rehabilitation centre
Provision of formal education
Provision of professional training
Provision of social services/amenities to the needy
Giving tithes/offerings
Paying taxes to the government
Providing for the family needs.

a) How unfair distribution of wealth can lead to social disorder in Kenya today

It causes anger/hatred
Some people can steal/grap in order to be at peace with those who have
It widens the gap between the rich and the poor
Regional/ethnic clashes can occur because of inequitable distribution of land
It can create disconnect/apathy among the people
It forms a basis for oppression of the poor by the rich/those who have
It makes those who have look down upon those who don’t have
It can lead to violence/murder
It can lead to sexual exploitation/immorality
It leads to strikes/demonstrations/industrial action
It can lead to a strained relationship between the government and the people

It is a blessing from God
Wealth comes with responsibilities
Wealth can create a sense of false independence
It should be acquired in just and honest way
Wrong attitude to wealth lead to idolatry
One should seek spiritual wealth which is permanent and more fulfilling
It is wrong to discriminate other on basis of material possessions
Christians should share whatever wealth they have
Wealth gives people independence so that they do not beg
Wealth may bring suffering insecurity
God is the owner of wealth and people should realize that they are only stewards
The wealth should not oppress the poor

Riches acquired through just and fair means are not condemned
Even if wealth is acquired through just mean, it should not be idolized
Falling to use wealth to glorify God
God is the source of all riches
Wealth is acquired through obedience to Gods laws
People ought to take care of their wealth/not misuse
Wealth should be equally distributed and not contracted in the hands of a few
Wealth should be used to develop the nation’s infrastructure

Indulge in alcohol and drugs
Engaging in immoral practices e.g. prostitution
Gambling which might lead to loss of wealth
Being luxurious/extravagant
Unfair class competition among the wealthy
Using wealthy to promote crime
Engaging in risky/dangerous sports or projects e.g. motor racing, wrestling
Using wealth to engage young people into immoral practices e.g. sex tourism

One may indulge in alcohol drug abuse at the expense of family needs.
Engage in immorality/extra-marital sexual relations/prostitution
Leads to misunderstanding on how to use wealth/invest
One uses wealth to engage in gambling
Spoils children/encourage in gabling
Spoils children/encourages laziness
Arrogance/pride/showing off
One becomes obsessed with wealth and fails to care for the family/one has to time for the family
Inheritance squabbles in case of death
One fails to meet the basic needs of the family

Offering fee education
Provision of C.D.F.
Allocation of bursary to the needy
Provision of low cost health services
Creating and enabling environment for employment in formal and informal sectors (easy access to loans)
Providing youth fund through the ministry of youth affairs

Geographical factors e.g. adverse climatic conditions
Historical/colonialism and social factors e.g. poor family background
Political instability which may lead to civil wars
Poor governance
Regional imbalance of natural resources
Low levels of technology
Unemployment
Laziness
Overdependence on foreign aid
Abuse of alcohol and other drugs
Lack of formal education hence no employment

CHAPTER SIX

CHRISTIAN APPROACHES TO LAW ORDER AND JUSTICE

Obeying the laws and observing the constitution of a nation
Working towards the welfare of a country
Performing the duties expected of them
Preaching against sin/evil e.g. tribalism, exploitation
Exercising their civil rights e.g. right to vote during elections
Pray for the government and leaders, the welfare of the nation
Preaching peace, love and reconciliation
Being peace, love and reconciliation
Being involved in charitable work to supplement government efforts e.g. helping the sick, poor, old and those with special needs
Working towards the establishment of good social relationship.
Teaching people to obey the laws of god
Paying taxes to the state.
Christians serve in the government as civil servants
Report law breakers to the authorities
Celebrating national days
Avoiding activities that undermine the government or lead to breakdown of law and order e.g. illegal strikes

By sharing their resources with those who do not have
Helping the poor and the orphans
Visiting the six, prisoners, bereaved, the oppressed and the depressed
Fulfilling their domestic obligation
Fulfilling ecclesiastical obligations and responsibilities
Praying for peace and justice
Pointing out and correcting evil in the society
Calling for justice and rule of law
Caring for the environment

In order to maintain peace/harmony
To protect individual lives/property
So as to imitate Jesus Christ
To Promote justice in society
To be role models/live exemplary lives
Avoid punishment
Its Christian duty to respect the authority.

By praying for free and fair elections
Being employed at various levels in and out of polling stations
Being committed in playing different roles
Being honest/not fearing intimidation/persecution
Casting ones vote.
Educating the masses on their civil rights/obligations
Financing/assisting the government in facilitating smooth and fair elections
Avoiding situations of confrontation with the government of the day.

Praying for the corrupt people to change
Being a role model/avoiding taking part in corrupt activities
Preaching to the people on the ills of corrupt
Report incidences of corruption to the relevant authority
Encourage people to adhere to the stipulated laws and regulations
Publish books/magazines on negative effects of corruption
Organize seminars/conference/workshops for people to discuss solution to end corruption
Campaigning for better salaries to workers
Electing honest leaders
Establish the causes of corruption.

Church members obey the laws of a country.
Educating people on civil rights
Participating in constitutional reforms
Condemning evil practices in the society
Teaching church members responsible parenthood
Discipline deviant members of the church
Rehabilitating law breakers
Providing material assistance to the needy
Praying for peace and love to prevail
Providing guidance and counseling services
Paying taxes to support activities of the state
Initiating development project
Providing job opportunities

Praying for the nation/leaders
Observing national days
Obeying the laws of a country
Paying taxes
Working together on state matters
Participating in elections
Alleviating poverty
Contributing to harambees
Respecting the flag
Promoting peace

The church has a moral responsibility to correct evil in society
It’s a ways of emulating Jesus Christ
It is against God’s teaching/laws
To ensure fair distribution of human/natural resources
In order to uplift human dignity/human rights
So as to create peace/harmony /unity in society
To promote national development
To guard against God’s judgment upon the nation.

It is their constitutional right
In order to own their elected leaders/identify with them
So as to remove oppressive leaders/government
In order to effect a peaceful change
It is demonstration of obedience to earthly authorities
The elected leaders are their direct representatives in parliament
To demonstrate patriotism
It’s a duty to Christians
To ensure quality leadership is achieved
It is a sense of unity in national building
It is an opportunity to infuse Christians principles in the leadership of the nation
It is a sign of accountability
Helps in development of the whole person
It is a service of humanity.

Right to life
Right to have basic needs- food, shelter & clothing
Right to receive education
Right to marry/raise up a family/ belong to a family
Right to have freedom of association/assembly
Right to freedom of speech/receive information/expression.
Right to own property
Freedom of worship
Right to liberty/movement
Right to work/earn a living
Right to medical care/health
Right to security/protection by the law
Freedom of conscience/right to vote

To emulate Jesus who paid taxes to the roman authorities
To heed Jesus instruction to respect the civil authorities
Christians pay taxes in order to receive service from the government
To provide essential services
Christians pay taxes as a sign of patriotism
Christians pay taxes as a way of sharing their wealth with others
It is their duty to pay taxes to the government
To enable the government to meet its financial obligation

Providing guidance and counseling
Preaching about love for one another in the society
Rehabilitating law breakers
Providing jobs/offering training opportunities to the people Giving loans to people to start businesses
Providing recreational facilities for the youth
Reporting criminals to the law enforcement authorities
Disciplining deviant members of the church
Participating in government programmes established to fight crime
Obeying the laws of the country/being role models
Praying for peace/harmony
Teaching responsible parenthood
Providing basic needs for the needy
Condemning evil practices in the society/teaching against crime

Ways through which Christians promote justice in Kenya today
Preaching to/teaching people to have fair dealings with one another
Living exemplary lives/role models
Encouraging the government/leaders to uphold the rule of law
Carrying out civic education for the citizens to know their rights and duties
Condemning acts of unfairness in society
Helping in the rehabilitation of the law breakers/offering guidance and counseling services
Praying for people to practice justice
Participating in Law/constitutional making process
Assisting the needy to get jobs/offering them jobs
Asking those who have wrongly acquired wealth to return it pay back
Using mass media to promote justice

b) Reasons why Christians in Kenya are against the death sentence

The law of god forbids killing
Death sentence is irreversible in case an innocent person is killed
Life is sacred/belongs to God
Killing does not reform the offender
The offender’s right as a human being is undermined as he/she is used as a means to deter others
It is against God’s principle of forgiveness
It undermines Christian virtue of love
The victim’s dependants/family are denied a chance to be with their loved one
It can be misused by those in power to instill fear/discourage opposing views/eliminate others

a) Reasons why it is important to have laws in a country

Laws safeguard people’s rights/citizens’ rights
People’s property is protected under the law
They protect the consumer from exploitation
It allows/provides for economic development/growth
Individuals are able to enjoy the freedom of worship
The law acts as a check/measure of those in authority
The law outlines how foreigners should be handled
They control taxation/collection of revenue
It enables the government to protect its citizens against oppression
The law determines the type of punitive measures for a crime done/prevent crime
It ensures political stability in a country/nation. Order/peace/love/unity
It outlines the relationships between different nations/countries

6×1= 6mks)

b) Problems related to maintenance of law and order in Kenya today

Some legislators/parliamentarians do not observe law thus serving as wrong role models.
There is a lot of unfairness/injustice when settling cases because of tribalism/nepotism/religious affiliation/gender.
Intimidation/people in high offices use their power to influence certain decisions regarding law breaking.
Economic inability makes the poor to resort to lawless to meet their need/unequal distribution of resources
Availability of dangerous weapons/guns in the wrong hand leads to insecurity/terrorism,.
There are a few resources to cater for the ever growing population, thus leading to overcrowding/competition that overwhelms the established machinery
People lack interest/do not care about other, hence don’t report cases of lawlessness/permissiveness in the society/drug abuse
Bribery/corruption has destroyed the credibility of the government officials
People have lost respect/trust for government/machinery /have resigned to a life of hopelessness/fear of victimization
Interference from the civil society/human rights groups/activists who oppose government initiatives in maintenance of law and order
Inadequate modern technology hampers maintenance of the law
Inadequate skilled personnel to handle issues to do with law breaking
People are not conversant with the laws of the country
Greed for power/wealth. Some people can go to any extent to acquire wealth even if it means breaking the law 8×1=8mks

c) Ways in which Christians in Kenya help those who have been released from prison.

Praying for them

Visiting them so that they can feel wanted in society/invite them to their homes

Preaching the good news of salvation to them

Showing them care/concern

Welcoming them into the church

Providing them with basic/financial needs(food/shelter/clothing/medication)

Offering guidance and counseling to help them to reform

Involving them in community/church activities

By helping them to become self reliant by giving them jobs/survival skills.

Listening to them/help them to solve their problems

Counseling their families to accept/forgive them. 6×1=6mks

13.

Taking part in general elections

Influencing the removal of a bad and corrupt government by urging citizens to vote it out

Seeking positions in government

Condemning evils without fear

Promoting the maintenance of law and order

Promoting patriotism

Respecting and obeying the authority since they are ordained by God

Taking part in government functions

Praying for the leaders and nation as a whole

Conducting civil education, to enlighten the people on their rights and duties.

Standing for the truth at time

Supporting the government in all its endeavors to alleviate suffering

Praying the role of arbitrators when there are disputes when there are disputes

Promoting peace where there are clashes or disturbances of any kind

Killing is a sin
It undermines human dignity
God is the only one who should take away life
It is a violation of right to life
It causes psychological torture to the family of the victim
The Bible teaches that we should forgive countless times
God is the overall judge
Any form of punishment should be for rehabilitation yet capital punishment defeats this cause
Sometimes an innocent person may be killed which is irrepressible
Damages the image of god in the criminal
It denies the criminal an opportunity to repent

Both the church and the state are involved in areas experiencing famine/both sponsors agricultural/extension services

Both provide medicine as both own hospitals in the country

Both provide employment/government has many people in the civil service while the church has employed many people as church minister

Both come together in solving problems like floods, fire which destroy slums in the cities

Both participate in church and state functions

Both are involved in training of personnel in various filds like in teaching

Both are involved in worship/many civil servants attend church worship all over that state has given freedom of worship to all its citizens.

16.

Showing Godly love to all like Jesus
Sensitizing people to appreciate and respect different ethnic group
Supporting educational and cultural programmes in a bid to promoting national unity
Discouraging tribalism through inter-ethnic marriages
Perpetrators of tribalism should be charged and punished according to the law
Creation of more national schools in the country so as to admit more students from every part of the country
Use a common language in the country as a unifying factor
Encouraging domestic tourism through educating people on the benefits of visiting different parts of the country

17.

Duty to pay taxes
To show patriotism and respect for the flag
One is expected to learn and sing the national anthem during national celebrations
Duty to report the environment
Responsibility to work for the nation and for themselves
Duty to protect life

18.

Obey the authorities
Observe all the laws
Pay taxes
Report errant members of society of law enforcement agents/authority
Take part in decision making of the nation like voting for the right representatives in parliament
Working hard
Not bringing people or receiving bribes
Practice love and charity

19.

Poverty-People resort to unlawful means of survival such as robbery, selling illicit brews and child trafficking
Poor relationship between the laws enforces and the public undermines the effort to fight crime
Rural urban migration-urbanization has led to the breakdown of African kinship system which helps in enforcing law and order t community level
Irresponsible parents have abdicated the duty of bringing up their children to teachers and house helps. This means that the children may not embrace the necessary virtues in life
Green for money-they are not contented with that they have hence they are involved in criminal activities
Drug abuse has caused people to lose the sense of judgment and engage in criminal activities
Un-employment-both formal and informal employment
Availability of arms
Leniency of the law in matter of crime

CHAPTER SEVEN

CHRISTIAN APPROACHES TO SELECTED ISSUES RELATED TO MODERN SCIENCE

TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT

Care for conserve the environment e.g. planting trees, grass or flowers
Avoiding pollution of water, air and land by properly disposing waste
Caring for the less fortunate embers of the society for example helping the needy
Condemning abortion
Discouraging capital punishment
Practicing responsible parenthood and discouraging child abuse
Sharing natural resources with the less fortunate
Discouraging capital punishment
Providing guidance and counseling on the value of life.

It destroys gods creation
It leads to desertification/destruction of catchments areas
Denies the animals of the natural habitat
It is motivated by hman greed/selfishness
It is against God’s command/human beings should take care of the environment
Results in environment pollution
Affects the source of traditional medicine
It destroys natural beauty
Leads to soil erosion degradation

It is against the teaching of god’s natural growth

It interferes with procreation
It may produce a race which is undesirable
It makes a man complete with god
It hinders god’s plan like marriage
It undermines human dignity as human beings are used as guinea pigs
It is done for selfish and individualistic gains and leads to misuse of resources
It eliminates the weak organisms and interferes with the balance of nature.
It can lead to production of artificial human being who operates like machine without feelings.
It can introduce cancer causing genes into a common infectious organism /can lead to transmission of HIV/AIDS.

People are able to carry out abortions which lead to death of unborn/risk the mothers life/mercy killing/euthanasia.
Cloning/test tube babies undermine human sexuality
Machines fertilizers pollute the environment thus endangering the lives of human being.
Vasectomy tube litigation undermines God’s purpose for procreation.
Weapons of mass destruction lead to loss of life.
Human beings have been rendered jobless due to modern science and technology.
Accidents caused by machines and vehicles leads to loss of lives.
Deforestation leads to depletion of trees/soil erosion/lower food production/hunger.
Organ transplant/plastic surgery undermines God’s creation.
Drug abuse.

Electronic media like ratio, TV are used to teach good news.
Public address system is used to preach to a large congregation
Modern means of communication e.g. automobiles ease movement of evangelists.
Recoded cassettes are used to preach through music/recorded sermons
Modern musical instrument in music e.g. keyboards electronic guitars, are used as accompaniment in music.
Telephone/postal services are used in running essential services of church
Typewriter/computers/printing machines have enabled evangelists to put their writing in texts so that they can reach out to more people
Technology in architecture/building technology has enabled churches to put up sanctuaries from where they preach.
In medicine, churches have used modern technology to equip hospitals to treat the sick to carry out healing ministry.
Scientific research has enabled evangelist to come up with effective methods in spreading the gospel.

(b)

Air pollution may cause respiratory problems for human beings
Industrial affluent causes a major threat to humankind, aquatic life and plants
Industrial pollution causes acid rain
Noise pollution can causes stress and high blood pressure and deafness in humans.
Garbage heaps especially in urban areas are hiding places for thieves so increase in crime rates.
Air pollution cause adverse weather and domestic changes due to the chemicals emitted in the air
The depletion of the zone layer may cause skin cancer, eye damage and reduction of immunity making people prone to many infections because of the ultra violet rays.
Water pollution which leads to people taking unclean water causes disease e.g. dysentery. Cholera and diarrhea which are major killers especially infants
Dumping in rivers destroys the ecosystem

Understand that the environment was created and sanctified by God hence should be kept holy

Teach others the importance of preserving the environment
Make contributions towards the conservation of the environment e.g. planting of trees, building of gabions
Participate in conservation projects e.g. digging terraces, cleaning the environment
Set an example in conservation of the environment e.g. keeping the environment clean
Observation of personal hygiene
Christian should care for the Flores and fauna (plants and animals)
Avoid buying and selling of products made from materials obtained through destruction of the environments e.g. tropies from game products and charcoal.
Not to participate in activities leading to destruction of the environment

Destruction of forests after cutting down trees for timber and paper industry
It results to ecological imbalances when eliminating harmful insects using D.D.T
Careless disposal of waste from industries e.g. plastic bags, container making the environment unpleasant
Trough industries harmful materials are emitted which result to air, watewr and land pollution
Destruction of trees/vegetation by acid rain released to the atmosphere from burning fuels
Water pollution through agricultural activities has let to contamination of fish/reducing the sources of food for man
Polluted water is dangerous through recreational facilities
Ozone layer has been destroyed through harmful chemicals from industries resulting to increased temperatures on the earth surface/global warming
Destroying has led to desertification thus turning arable lands to desert.

Scientific inventions have led to pollution and this has affected human dignity.

It has been used to interfere with the original human biological function as intended by God e.g. use of contraceptives and drugs

It has led to unemployment e.g. use of computers replacing human labour

Scientific theory of creation challenges Christian view that human beings were created by God.

It has created social classes i.e. poor and the rich

It has led to immorality through the internet pornographic magazines and T.V. programmes

Has been used to destroy God’s creation e.g. use of atomic bombs

It has endangered people’s lives e.g. through car accidents, plane crashes

People use scientific and technological advances to humiliate other

Has been used to demean God’s creative ability e.g. cloning, sex change

Science should not replace man’s job i.e. use of computer
It should not be used to destroy human life
It should not destroy values about dignity of man and sanctify of life e.g. cloning
It should not be used to destroy the environment
It should help man to appreciate the splendour of God/the beauty of God’s creation
It should be made to serve the needs of men for material and spiritual happiness
It should help man in solving problems
It should be used to glorify God the creator, rather than for selfish ends.

10.

Has helped to improve food production

Helped a high standard of living e.g. materials for building e.g. Mabati, clothing cultural development and sanitation.

Has an improved global human relation

Has helped to enhance international trade

Has enabled man to subdue to the environment

Has enabled man to understand and control resources

Has promoted research and eventually discovery of new things

He brought in used of machines to help workers produce more with less effort

Has helped to improve transport and communication hence creating a global village

11.

It increases the rate of growth and maturity of livestock beneficial to human beings in livestock products

It has aided research in manufacture of human growth a hormones

It increase disease resistance in crops

To originate generic finger printing for forensic work

To produce genetically engineered bacterial

Helps to identify/determine biological parents of a child

Increase in plant and animals yields for the benefit of an ever increasing human population

12.

Deforestation

Cultivation of steep slopes/water catchment areas

Charcoal burning

Population from industrial e.g. smoke and refuse

Use of explosives, atomic bombs

Poaching

Mining /quarrying/dereliction

Dumping of under-gradable waste on the ground and in water

C.R.E MODEL PAPER 1

ANSWER ANY FIVE QUESTIONS

TIME: 2 ½ HOURS

a) Identify the five major divisions of the New Testament in their order.

(5mks)

b) Outline the teachings on the relationship between human beings and the

environment from the Genesis stories of creation.

(5mks)

a) Explain the effects of the translation of the Bible into African languages in

Kenya. (5mks)

b) Explain the Israelites New understanding of God from the Exodus to the

renewal of the covenant.

c) What is the importance of the renewal of the covenant to Christians today?
a) Outline the features of the Canaanite religion. (9mks)
b) Explain how King Solomon turned away from the covenant way of life

(6mks)

c) Explain the challenges faced by Prophet Elijah in Israel. (5mks)
a) List the leadership qualities found in the person of Nehemiah which

Leaders today can emulate (7mks)

b) Relate Nehemiah’s exemplary life to St. Luke’s gospel and to Christians

today. (8mks)

c) Outline occasions when prayers were offered in traditional African

societies (8mks)

5 a) Explain various factors which guarded an individual against Africans for

Christianity. (7 marks)

b) Identify ways in which Traditional African religion prepared the Africans

for Christianity. (7mks)

c) Outline forms of discrimination in our society today. (5mks)

6 a) Describe how wealth was acquired in traditional African communities

b) Identify and explain African moral values that contributed to harmonious

living in the society. (8mks)

c) Explain the factors that affect the traditional African heritage today

(6mks)

MODEL 2 PAPER Q 3/3/1

a) What was the role of Moses in the history of the Israelites? (10mks)
b) Identify the roles of the African traditional council of elders (5mks)
c) Explain the factors that affect the traditional African heritage today

(6mks)

a) From genesis chapters 3-11 explain the effects for Adam and Eve’s

rebellion against God. (10mks)

b) What were the causes of evil according to African traditional

communities? (5mks)

c) What are the similarities between the biblical concept of sin and the

Traditional African view of evil? (5mks)

3 a) Give reasons why Elijah faced danger and hostility in Israel (10mks)

b) State five evils committed by King Ahab according to Prophet Elijah.

(5mks)

c) show how God worked through Elijah to reveal himself. (5mks)
a) Explain why Yahweh’s prophets condemned the way of worship in Israel.

(10mks)

b) Explain Jeremiahs’ symbolic actions in his prophesy of judgment (5mks)
c) Explain the role of the church in religious reforms. (5mks)
a) describe the call of Amos (6mks)
b) Identify the social injustices condemned by prophet Amos. (7mks)
c) State and explain the factors that hinder the Christians from helping the

needy. (7mks)

a) Identify the roles of sponsors in traditional African initiation ceremonies.

(7mks)

b) Explain ways in which marriage contributed to social relationships in the

traditional African society. (7mks)

c) Why was prostitution rare in the traditional African society? (6mks)

PAPER TWO MODEL 1

313/2

Answer any five questions

1 a) Outline the qualities of John as described by angel Gabriel to Zechariah

(7mks)

b) Why was John referred to as the second Elijah? (7mks)
c) Outline ways in which Christians can overcome temptations in the

contemporary world. (6mks)

a) What were the signs of eschatology according to St. Luke? (7mks)
b) Give evidence that shows that Jesus rose from the dead. (7mks)
c) What lessons do Christians learn about nature of Jesus from the testimony

of the repentant thief? (6mks)

a) What are the illustrations of the unity of believers in the New Testament?
b) Explain the New Testament teachings on the unity of believers. (8mks)
c) Give the reasons that have caused churches to split in Kenya

(7mks)

a) Identify situations when critical thinking can be used. (7mks)
b) Identify the Christian values that can enhance the creation of a just society. (7mks)

c) What things make a student confident with oneself? (6mks)
a) what advantages does a Christian family have when members practice the

Commandment “Do not commit adultery” (7mks)

b) Mention the problems that are related to family life today. (7mks)
c) Give reasons why HIV/AIDS campaign is ineffective in Kenya? (6mks)
a) what is importance of professional codes of ethics? (8 mks)
b) Outline ways in which Christians use leisure to glorify God. (6mks)
c) What are the effects of alcoholism and drug abuse? (6mks)

PAPER TWO MODEL 2

313/2

ANSWER ANY QUESTIONS

1 a) Explain the role of John the Baptist as a link between the Old Testament

and the new Testament. (10mks)

b) Explain why Jesus was baptized by John. (5mks)
c) What is the importance of baptism to Christian churches today? (5mks)
a) Describe the call of the first disciples of Jesus according to Luke 5:1-11.
b) What lesson can Christians learn from the call of the first disciples?

(6mks)

c) In what ways does the church prepare people to do the work of God?

(5 mks)

a) Briefly describe the triumphant entry of Jesus into Jerusalem. (5mks)
b) What does the manner of Jesus’ entry into Jerusalem reveal about his

Kingdom? (5mks)

c) What lessons can Christians learn from the triumphant entry into

Jerusalem? (10mks)

a) Define leisure and explain its importance in the life of a person. (12 mks)
b) Identify and explain factors that lead people to misuse leisure in modern

society. (8 mks)

a) Explain ways in which the employers should show respect for the

human dignity of employees. (8mks)

b) What are the responsibilities of employed to employers? (7 mks)
c) What problems do the self-employed people in Kenya today face? (5mks)
a) explain how poverty is manifested in the society today? (7mks)
b) According to traditional African communities explain the factors that

made people poor (5mks)

c) What steps can Christians today take to lessen the gap between the rich and the poor? (8mks)

ANSWERS TO MODEL PAPERS

Gospels
Historical book
Pauline letters
General Epistles
Historical book (any 5×1)= mks)

Both had a common origin. They were created by God.
Human beings and the environment have a common destiny
All creation is good and man should treat it with respect and care
Human beings are expected to take care of the environment
Creation is anthropocentric. Other thins were created for man’s sake
Human beings should enjoy God’s creation
Man is superior to the rest of the creation
Man is superior to the rest of the creation
God was pleased with all that he had created. (Any 7×1=7 mks)

It led to the establishment of more schools to cater for the growing need for formal education
Christianity became a more active religion
It led to establishment of independent churches
Christianity became a more active religion
It led to mass evangelization
It led to establishment of African independent churches and schools
It led to establishment of African independent churches and schools
It led to the establishment of Bible societies such as the Bible society of Kenya
The Africans were able to understand themselves and their own human dignity before God.
It stimulated a demand for more Bibles leading to the establishment of local printing presses

a) Conditions given by god to the Israelites during the renewal of the Sinai

covenant

To obey god
Not to make any treaties with other tribes
To destroy the altars of the gods of other tribes and places of idol worship
Not to make or worship any other gods
To keep the three main festivals-the feast of the three main festivals- the feast of
unleavened bread, the feast of weeks and the feast of ingathering
To celebrate the Sabbath and keep it Holy.
Not to intermarry with foreigners
To dedicate the male first born to God
To give the first fruits of their fields and flocks to God
To give a tenth of their produce to God.

b) The Israelites new understanding of god from the Exodus to the renewal of the

Covenant.

God is slow to anger
He is compassionate and gracious
He leaves no sin unpunished
He is jealous god who does not tolerate the worship of other gods
He forgives those who repent
He is all powerful
He is the controller of natural forces
He requires obedience and a personal relationship with his people
He is a healer
He is a God of victory
He is a faithful god who keeps his promises
God reveals himself through nature.

c) Importance of the renewal of the covenant to Christians today

Christians are blessed through God’s plan whose realization is attributed to the covenant

Christians continue to enter into covenants with god where faith and obedience are most important
The Mosaic Law (Decalogue) forms the basis of Christian laws principles and values
Christian worship draws a lot from the activities in the Sinai covenant
Christian sermons refer a lot to the covenant
Christian preachers and catechists use the Ten commandments as essential for believers

3 a) features of the Canaanite religion

It was a nature religion
It was polytheistic. It had many gods and goddesses.
Rituals were performed to ensure continued fertility and the well-being of the community.
The re was a chief god from whom all other gods sought support
Both human and animal sacrifices were offered to the gods and goddesses
Temple and shrines were dedicated to the gods and goddesses
There were prophets, prophetesses and priests dedicated to the service of the gods and goddesses
The Canaanite made images used symbols to represent their gods and goddesses.

b) How King Solomon turned away from the covenant way of life

He married foreign wives
He loved himself more than god by building his palace for 13 years and the temple for only seven years.
He disobeyed God’s command by worshipping the false gods
He introduced heavy taxation hence did not observe the brotherhood law
He disregarded the advice of God’s prophet when he built worship places for the false gods
By signing trade and marriage agreement with his neighbours, he relied on human dings rather than god.
He disobeyed the instructions of his father, David that he should rely solely on god.
He subjected the Israelites to forced labour.
He killed his half-brother Adonijah which was against the Ten Commandment.
He practiced nepotism by exempting his from forced labour
He sold part of Israelites territory. Israel’s land belonged to God and nobody had the right to sell it.

c) Challenges faced by prophets Elijah in Israel

He had to deal with widespread idolatry and apostasy among the Israelites
He had to address the rampant corruption and injustice
There was religious persecution. Jezebel killed some of the prophets of Yahweh
There were threats on this life from Jezebel and Ahab.
There were many false prophets of Baal and Asherah brought to Israel by Jezebel.
He was falsely accused by King Ahab of being a trouble maker
He had difficulty convincing the people that he was a true prophet of god.
He had to prove to the people that Yahweh is the true God.

a) Leadership qualities found in the person of Nehemiah which leaders today can emulate

Trust in God
Being prayerful
Courage
Hard Work and commitment
Team spirit
Planning and organizational skills
Compassion
Patriotism
Wisdom and decisiveness
Role models
Honesty

Relevance of Nehemiah’s exemplary life to St. Luke’s gospel and Christians

Today

Prayerful life- Nehemiah’s constant prayer gave him strength, Jesus and courage in all his undertakings, Jesus in Luke’s gospel emphasizes the need to pray Christians today are urged to pray Christians today are urged to pray without ceasing
Good leadership qualities – Nehemiah’s good leadership qualities e.g. wisdom and courage. As Nehemiah, Jesus in Luke’s gospel courageously withstood hostilities even to the point of death. Christians today should lead by example.
Caring for the needy-Nehemiah was against the oppression of the needy and the poor, Luke’s gospel portray Jesus as being concerned with the less fortunate in society, Christians today should support the less fortunate and protect them from exploitation
Condemnation of evil- both Nehemiah and Jesus condemned evils or injustices in society Christians today should condemn evils in the society without fear.
Guidance by scriptures – Nehemiah was guided by the scriptures of the Old Testament, likewise Jesus was guided by the scriptures in his work. Christians should live by the guidance of the work of God.
Nehemiah was opposed and rejected but never despaired. Likewise, Jesus never despaired as he carried out his mission. Christians should not despair when spreading the Gospel of Christ
Nehemiah’s quality of commitment and tolerance- despite persecution is shown by Jesus himself in St. Luke’s gospel; Christians today should be committed to the work of the Ministry in spite of the persecution they face.
Covenant renewal- Nehemiah renewed the covenant with God where the Jews as a group publicly confessed their sins in Luke’s gospel we see repentance and forgiveness focused on the individual for Christians today repentance is personal
Cleansed the temple to restore its holiness like Nehemiah, Jesus was angry when the Jews turned the temple into a market place
Sabbath observance – Nehemiah’s belief in strict observance of the Sabbath law is not shared by Jesus as shown in Luke’s gospel

c) Occasions when prayers were offered in traditional African societies

Before going to war
When taking oaths
Before planting
During times of natural calamities e.g. drought, famine, etc
During ceremonies/rituals to make rites of passage e.g. birth, initiation etc
When sickness struck the society
To seek god’s intervention in difficult times

a) Factors which guarded an individual against any form of discrimination in

Traditional African societies.

Common religious beliefs
Corporate sense of living/communal sense of living
Common customs and norms/taboos
Fear of curses
Fear of punishment from God/ancestors
Age set systems ensured protection for all
Sense of communal sharing
Sense of communal ownership of property
Division of labour
Communal work groups

Ways in which Traditional African religion prepared the Africans for

Christianity

Belief in a supernatural God
Belief in God as the ancestor/loving powerful/provider/just/merciful god
Belief in reward and punishment
Belief in spirit/ancestors-for Africans living dead for Christianity saints/ancestors like Abraham, David etc.
Religious rituals e.g. offerings and sacrifices/prayers/religious songs
Religious leaders/ religious specialists
Idea of prophets and prophesy
Seeking forgiveness from God
Moral values

c) Forms of discrimination in our society today

Gender discrimination – women are discriminated in many areas
Tribal discrimination – there is a lot of discrimination along tribal lines
Racial discrimination
Academic – there is a group between the educated and non educated
Economic status- the rich/wealthy discriminate against the poor
Physical disability- The physically disabled in our society are looked down upon in many area e.g. employment
Religion/renunciation – various people from different religions and denominations discriminate one another e.g. the Muslims and Christians, Catholics and protestants
Age- the young generation believe that older generation is outdated and old fashioned
Type of jobs-some people believe that their jobs are important than others

a) acquisition of wealth in traditional African communities

Through bride price which was given as a token of appreciation to the girls’ parent
Through inheritance of property from parents, guardians and relatives
Through gifs given in appreciation of talent, good conduct or loyalty
Through warfare and raids
Through marrying many wives and getting many children who provided labour
Through crafts like weaving, pottery and iron working.
Those with talents like medicine men, diviners and rainmakers sold their services

b) African moral values that contributed to harmonious living in the society.

Hospitality to strangers and guests was highly encouraged
Communal work enhanced tolerance towards different people
Initiates were taught to live together in harmony
The youth learnt to endure suffering and hardships and control tempers and sexual desires
Individuals were taught to respect one another right from childhood
People obeyed community rules and observed customs and taboos
In all aspects of life, Africans care for one another. This provided c—Operation and unity
Elders settled disputes amicably
Elders were respected and whatever they said was obeyed
Unity was emphasized in terms of communal work and living
Duties and leisure activities were divided according to age and gender.

c) Factors affecting traditional African heritage today

Foreign religions like Christianity, Islam and Hinduism
Foreign cultures and values
Western education
Money economy
New forms of employment systems and policies
Modern science and technology
Rural-urban migration
Improved infrastructure
The mass media
Modern medicine.

&n

bsp;

ANSWERS FOR MODEL PAPER 2 313/1

a) the role of Moses in the history of the Israelite

He received God’s call with a mission to liberate the Israelites
He performed extra-ordinary miracles for the purpose of over-powering the pharaoh so as to liberate the Israelites from Egyptian bondage
He led the Israelites throughout the wilderness during the Exodus
He mediated between god and the Israelites throughout the period of the Exodus
He endured suffering for the sake of the Israelites who complained and asked him for provision
He endure suffering for the sake of the Israelites who complained and asked him for provision.
He led the Israelites into making the covenant with God on Mt. Sinai
He was given the Ten Commandments by God on Mt. Sinai
He was sought God’s providence for the Israelite e.g. Manna and water
Moses made the Israelites against hostile desert tribes e.g. the amelekites
He led them during the crossing of the Read Zoa

b) Role of the African traditional council of elders

guidance and counseling in the community
settling disputes e.g. land/family
Making decisions on important matters affecting the society
Blessed warriors before going to war
Rewarded the warriors after a successful war against enemies
Planning marriage parties or occasions
Selecting suitable marriage partners for those who had undergone initiation
Performing priestly duties e.g. prayers/sacrifices/offerings
Maintaining traditional cultural values or standards
Preserving the sacred worship places/points
Ensuring that the dead were honorably buried.
Mediating between the living and the spirit world
Meeting/administering punishment to the offenders

c) Lessons about God from the call of Moses

God is loving/caring
God has concern for the suffering of his people
God is a saving god
God can send anyone e.g. Moses a stummerer
God is everywhere
God expects people to obey him
God is Holy
God can appear to people in different styles
God can appear to people in different styles
God has human qualities e.g. He can talk
God has human qualities e.g. He can talk
God is the provider
God is all knowing
God keeps his promises e.g. to Abraham.

a) Effects of Adam’s rebellion against God

The whole Adamic race became alienated from god
Man changed and became prone to sin
The ground was cursed on the account of man
Childbirth and work became associated with hardship
Man began to take life of fellow man
Lifespan of man was reduced.
God confused human language after the flood
Death sentence is passé upon all people
There is enmity between man and the wild animals
God felt regret and remorse for having created human beings
The good relationship between man and the wild animals
God felt regret and remorse for having created human beings
The good relationship between man and woman is destroyed
What had been good and innocent became shameful

b) Causes of evil in traditional African communities

Evil spirits
Malicious ancestral spirits
Evil people like witches, wizard and sorcerers
Breaking of oaths
Bad Omen

Both believe that God is the Supreme being and is good.
Both view sin as arising from human beings disobedience, greed and selfishness
Both view evil and misfortunes as arising out of a curse by elders because of committing some offence
In both cases evil may result from failing in a social or spiritual obligation
Both agree that the result of sin and evil is suffering
In both cases sin and evil results in human beings, separated from God and the end of the original state of goodness and innocence
In both God is the guardian of morality law and order.

3 a) reasons why Elijah faced danger and hostility in Israel

Elijah prophesied a three- year drought which resulted in severe famine in Israel
Elijah lived and preached at a time when Baalism was the official religion and Yahweh’s prophets were being killed
Elijah killed prophets of Baal resulting in threats by jezebel to kill him
Elijah was commanded by God on Mt. Horeb to anoint Hazael as King of Syria and Jehu to take over from Ahab, this seemed like conspiracy against the kings of Israel and Syria by Elijah
Elijah declared God’s judgment on King Ahab when the king possessed Naboth’s vineyard. This exposed him a lot of danger.
In the wilderness, Elijah faced starvation due to lack of food and water.

b) Five evils committed by King Ahab according to Prophet Elijah

Worshipped Baal and Asherah
Built temples for Baal and Asher
Named Jezebel who was not an Israelite contrary to Old testament teaching
Killing Naboth
Taking Naboth’s vineyard.

b) How God worked through Elijah to reveal himself

The fire that came from heaven and burnt the sacrifice at Mt.Carmel
Thunderstorm after the long dry spell
Elijah was fed by ravens in the wilderness.
The widow of Zarephath finishing oil and flour
In the cave there was thunder, lightning and a small still voice
Elijah was taken up by a chariot of fire.

4 a) Why Yahweh’s prophet condemned the way of worship

The people became concerned with external observances while their hearts were far from god
They broke the Ten Commandments
Religion became too commercial as people thought they could buy favours from God
The people forgot the might works of god and worshipped foreign gods
The poor were despised and exploited
The widows and orphans were neglected
The people believed in false prophets and prophecies
The people practiced syncretism

b) Jeremiah’s symbolic actions in his prophecy of judgment

Jeremiah a linen waistcloth and wore it. It became useless after he left it in a cleft of rocks by the Euphrates Rivers. This symbolized how god would punish the Israelites by destroying their pride.
Jeremiah was commanded not to marry or have children. He was not to join those or have children or comfort anyone. This symbolized the destruction of the Israelites as a result of their sin
He was instructed to visit a potter’s house and watch the potter as he made clay vessels in the same way as the potter remold the nation of Israel and make it as he intended it to be.
God instructed Jeremiah to buy an earthen flask and break it before some of the elders and senior priests in the valley of Hinnam. This symbolized the destruction that God would bring upon Jerusalem.
Jeremiah was shown two baskets of figs that were placed in front of the temple.
One basket had good figs while the other had bad figs. The good figs represented the remnant that would return to Jerusalem from exile in Babylon.
Jeremiah was to make a wooden yoke and put it on his neck. This symbolized the oppression of the Israelites by the Babylonians.

c) The role of the church in religious reforms

Preaching the good news
Building churches
Supporting the provision of education
Helping in bible translations
Bringing more souls to Christ through crusades and the mass media
Assisting the destitute
Condemning evils in the society
Leading by example
Taking part in election
Assisting the government in creating jobs
Preaching forgiveness
Taking relief food to famine-stricken areas.

a) The call of Amos

Amos came from Judah from a place called Tekoa
He was a dresser of sycamore trees before he received his call
His call to be a prophet came through five dramatic visions
He was shown a great plague of locusts destroying all plants in the land
He was shown a great fire burning up the land
He saw God standing beside a wall with a plumb line
He saw a basket of ripe fruits
He saw the destruction of the temple where the Israelites offered their sacrifices

b) Social injustices condemned by prophet Amos

The selling of debtors into slavery
The oppression of the weak and the poor
The exploitation of the poor by the rich
Corruption in the law courts
Cheating in business/use of false sales
Selling worthless goods at high prices
Lies by false priest and prophets

c) Factors that hinder Christians from helping the needy

Too many needy cases
Lack of experts to help with special need
Tribal alignments and zoning
Political leanings where Christians belonging to a certain political party are not free to help needy people what belong to a different party
Poor infrastructure in some parts of the country making those religions inaccessible.
Economic demands and inflations leave Christians with nothing to help the poor with
Indifference by some Christians to the plight of the needy. Some Christians are too attached to their material wealth.
Lack of accountability and transparency discourages some Christians from helping the poor
Denominational differences which make Christians refuse to help the needy member of a different church
Lack of plans and systems on how the help provided is spend
Lack of awareness by some Christians on aims giving.
Sometimes it is not easy to tell those who are genuinely in need.

a) The role sponsors in traditional African initiation ceremonies

They offered guidance and counseling to the initiates
They educated the initiates on their duties and responsibilities as adults
They gave the initiates lessons on sex and family life
They encouraged the initiates to face the operation with courage
They gave moral and physical support during the operation
They acted as a link between the candidates and their families
They nursed the initiates back to health
They played the role of members to the initiates.

Ways in which marriage contributed to social relationships in the traditional African society

Marriage led to the extension if kinship ties
Marriage could be used to reconcile two warring clans or communities
Marriage elevated the social status of a man and a woman in society
After marriage the couple was expected to procreate and start a family to perpetuate procreate and start a family to perpetuate the life of the community
A new bond developed between a husband and a wife and between members of their families
Marriage was a covenant.

c) Why prostitution was rare in the traditional African society.

Prostitution was forbidden
Men lived with their wives. There was no rural-urban migration
Polygamy reduced the number of unmarried women and the need for other women outside marriage
Sexual offenders were highly punished
Virginity was highly values
Sex education was provided during initiation to avoid such behaviour
People lived communally so there were no cases of the needy
During initiation the initiates were taught society morals
Morals concerning husband/wife relationship were taught during initiation to avoid such behaviour.

ANSWERS: PAPER TWO MODEL 1

1 a) Qualities of John as described by angel Gabriel to Zechariah

He would be god’s prophet
He would prepare the way for the messiah
He would bring joy to Zechariah and others
He would be a Nazarite and would not drink any strong drink. He would live a simple life
He would be courageous in carrying out his duties
His name would be John to show that God is gracious to his people
He would be great
He would be filled with the Holy spirit
He would have the spirit and power of Elijah

b) Why John was referred to as the second Elijah

Just like Elijah, John also lived in the wilderness
John was also filled with Holy spirit and Proclaimed God’s message to the people
He was beheaded and Elijah was threatened by Jezebel
He was beheaded and Elijah was threatened by Jezebel
He was a great prophet of his time
He led a simple life and faced many problems like hunger

c) Ways in which Christians can overcome temptations in the contemporary world

They should depend on Jesus
They should be well versed with scriptures so that they can refer to the bible.
They should seek guidance and counseling
They should attend Bible classes for the right interpretation of the bible
They should have faith or believe in god to help them during trials
They should avoid wrong company
They should take part in positive leisure
They should avoid circumstances that can lead them to sin
They should resist Satan.

2 a) Signs of eschatology according to St. Luke

False prophet claiming to be speaking in Jesus name
Wars would arise between nations
Strange sings from heaven would be seen
There would be natural calamities e.g. earthquakes, famines and plagues
Disciples would be arrested, persecuted and imprisoned.
Disruption in the sky and in the sea would be experienced
Nations will be in despair
People will fear and faint as they witnessed these signs.

b) Evidence that shows that Jesus rose from the dead

The empty tomb
Assurance of the angel to the women
The testimony of the disciples on the way to Emmaus
Jesus’ appearance to the eleven
Jesus’ appearance to Peter
Thomas felt Jesus’ scars
Jesus appeared to Magdalene, James and Paul
His ascension into heaven.

c) Lessons that a Christians learn about the nature of Jesus from the testimony of repentant thief

Jesus is forgiving
Jesus was going to heaven/paradise
Jesus had power over death
Jesus was innocent /sinless
Jesus was the son of God, He was the messiah king or savior
Jesus rewards those who repent
He is compassionate/merciful
He gives eternal life. He is the life and resurrection
Jesus is worthy of respect of honour
Jesus is God.

3 a) Illustrations of unity of believers in New Testament

The people of god
The body of Christ
The vine and the branches
The church, the bride

b) New Testament teachings on the unity of believers

Believers in Christ are in a covenant relationship with god. They are the chosen people
The are a royal priesthood
Believers in Christ should be united as they are members of the body of Christ
Believers in Christ have been given different gifts by the Holy spirit which should be used for the benefit of all and enhance church unity.
Believers have been called to live a life worthy of Gods calling by being humble, gentle and loving. This is because they are bund by one spirit, one Lord, one baptism and one faith in one God.
Believers should display Godly character in order to remain united.
They should be submissive to Christ as he is the head of the church.
Gods’ relationship with his people is perfect and will last eternally.
God expects His people to be Holy because sinners will be punished. Sinners are not part of the unity of believers.

(c ) Reasons that have caused churches to split in Kenya today

Misinterpretation of scriptures causes disagreement.
Leadership wrangles causes division in church.
Tribalism and other forms of discrimination in the church
Disagreements have risen on whether to incorporate /some African cultural practices or
not.
Inability to agree on aspects of worshipping speaking in tongues, role of the Holy spirit etc
The appointment of women leaders have caused some to move away as they regard this unbiblical.
-the Kenyan constitution allows freedom of worship and this motivates Christians to form their churches.

(a) Situation when critical thinking can be used

In examinations when answering questions that demand expressions of different opinions.
In determining what is true and false from the evidence before one.
In challenging your friends when they do things that are against the accepted norms of society
In questioning issues that require elaborate explanations.
Refusing to be discouraged by life challenges.
Not giving up when carrying out various responsibilities and tasks.
In acknowledging and respecting views of other people on a given situation.
In identifying your life goals and working hard to achieve them.

(b) Christian values that enhances the creation of just society.

Love, justice/fairness, Respect, Chastity
Humility, Honesty, reliability/faithfulness
Persistence/perseverance.

(c ) This that makes a student feel confident with oneself.

Accepting challenges and trying out new ideas.
Developing close and healthy relationships with other people.
Believing in yourself and your abilities.
Being the person you want to be.
Believing that you can succeed.
Being assertive and refusing to be pushed into what you do not believe in.

(a) Advantages that a Christian family have when members practice the

commandment

“Do not commit adultery”

It controls members against unfaithfulness.
It controls the spread of STD’s and AIDS.
It curbs the family breakdown due to unfaithfulness.
It creates conducive environment for bringing up of children.
It limits quarrels and fights due to unfaithfulness.
It ensures trust between couples.
Curbs poverty because they may save money that would be used for extra-marital affairs.
It controls psychological problems that may lead to unbecoming behaviour.
Members of the family get blessings from God.

(b) Problems that are related to family life today.

Separation i.e. spouses working in far places.
Adultery and unfaithfulness.
Misuse of family resources.
Generation gap brings problems between parents and children.
Difficult and handicapped children.
Cultural differences partners causing from different ethnic groups.
Family parenthood, Divorce
Sicknesses and diseases.
Domestic violence, child abuse

(c ) Reasons why HIV/AIDS campaign is ineffective in Kenya.

Cultural differences e.g wife inheritance.
Denial, attributing the pandemic to curses and witchcraft.
Affluence and permissiveness in society.
Ignorance of the effects of the pandemic.
Lack of funds.
Inadequate commitment from the government
Poverty leading to promiscuity.

(a) The importance of professional code of ethics.

- They contain rules relating to employment promotion, payment and termination of services.
- They give guidance on how professionals should relate to one another and those that they serve.
- They safeguard professionals against being compromised in their jobs.
- They determine the expected levels of performance of a particular job.
- They serve as a measure of competence.
- They act as a measure of quality service.
- They serve as a protection to individual professionals.
- They earn public trust in professionals.

(b) Ways in which Christians use leisure to glorify God.

- - In worship; (praying, reading the bible, singing and spending time with God)
  - In doing works as charity, assisting the sick, the old the poor, the disabled.
  - Relaxing with family and friends.
  - Spreading the word of God.
  - For the development of community projects
  - Fellowshipping with others.

(c) Effects of alcoholism and drug abuse.

- Mismanagement of family resources.
- Domestic violence
- Loss of one’s job.
- Separation and divorce.
- Sicknesses and disease e.g. lung cancer from smoking cigarettes.
- Increase in crimes.
- Dropping out of school; for students.
- Loss of respect.
- Overburdening the family e.g. by paying for rehabilitation of the victim.

ANSWERS: PAPER TWO MODEL 2

(a) The role of John the Baptist as a link between the Old and the New testament.

- John fulfils the Old Testament, prophecies as the forerunner of the messiah.
- John saw the messiah with his own eyes.
- John introduced Jesus Christ to the people.
- John’s ministry prepared people’s hearts to receive the messiah.
- John lived two worlds. The world of the Old and the world of the New Testament
- John prepared the first two disciples of Jesus.
- John’s lifestyle is reminiscent of the figure of prophet Elijah who was one of the greatest Old Testament prophets.

(b) Why Jesus was baptized by John.

- - Jesus wanted to confirm and show his approval of John’s ministry.
  - He saw it as God’s plan of saving human kind.
  - He saw it as a way fulfilling the Old Testament prophecies about the messiah.
  - He wanted to identify Himself with the sinful mankind.
  - Accepting baptism meant His final acceptance of the work of salvation which
  - was to be completed through His suffering.
  - Baptism provided an opportunity for manifestation of the Holy trinity that is the
  - Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit.

c) The importance of baptism to Christian churches today

Baptism qualifies the new convert to become a member of a Christian denomination

Through baptism Christians identify themselves with Jesus Christ and all that He stands for.
Through baptism Christians receive the power of the Holy spirit
It is a symbol of death and resurrection
Through baptism Christians receive the power of the Holy Spirit
It is a symbol of death and resurrection
Through baptism one is considered to be a child of God
Baptism effects complete forgiveness of sins
Baptism prepares Christians for the kingdom of god.

2 a) The call of the first disciples Luke 5: 1-11

One day Jesus stood on the shores of Lake Gennesaret/sea of Galilee
He saw two boats close to the shore and got into one of them

He taught people from the boat
After he had finished preaching, he asked Simon to cast the net into the deep sea for a catch
At first Simon was reluctant because he had been fishing the whole day and night and had
Caught nothing.
Simon eventually agreed and cast the nets into the sea. He caught such as huge number of fish that the nets began to tear.

b) Lessons that Christians can learn from the call of the first disciples

God still calls people today to serve Him in different areas e.g. pastors
God can choose anybody to serve Him regardless of their status in society
Those who are called by God are expected to be humble
Christians should work together as a team
There is hope for those who follow Jesus
God reveals Himself to people in everyday activities
Christian vocation may require renunciation of family ties and occupation

c) Ways in which the church prepares people to serve god

Preparing new converts for baptism
Teaching the new converts the Christian doctrines
Encouraging them to read the Bible
Organizing seminars for specific groups of people e.g. women, youth etc.
Sending those who are willing to theological colleges or seminaries
Having continuous religious training in spiritual and social matters

3 a) The triumphant entry of Jesus into Jerusalem

Jesus approached Jerusalem passing through Bethphage and Bethany
He sent two of his disciples to a village to get him a donkey that had never been ridden
If the owner demanded to know why they were untying it they were to respond “The Lord has need of it”
They got the donkey, threw their cloaks over it and helped Jesus to sit on it.
People spread their garment of the road for Him.
The crowd followed praising and rejoicing
The Pharisees asked Jesus to silence them
Jesus responded that if his followers were silent the stones would start shouting.

b) What the manner of Jesus’ entry into Jerusalem reveal about his kingdom.

Jesus is a triumphant and victorious king

The donkey was a symbol of humility and peace
He was not an earthly military
Jesus was the promised messiah
He was greeted as a king, the same way kings of Israel were greeted with acclamation and joy.
By riding on a donkey Jesus fulfilled the prophecy of Zechariah.
Jesus’ kingdom is for the least and the lost
God’s kingdom is a kingdom of peace
Jesus was a humble king.

c) Lessons that Christians learn from the triumphant entry.

Christians should prepare to receive Jesus into their lives like the crowd that escorted him into Jerusalem

Christians should be channels of peace like Jesus
Christians should expect opposition and resistance as they witness to Christ
Christians should praise and thank god for sending Jesus
Christians should be humble
Christians should be bold in their witnessing to Christ like the crowds that followed Jesus to Jerusalem
Church leaders should be servants of their followers.

4 a) Meaning of leisure. Leisure is the time when one is free from work or other

duties. It is the time to relax.

Importance of leisure in the life of a person

-It gives people time to rest
Leisure provides people with time for recreation
Leisure time allows people to attend social occasions
It allows people to travel and visit friends and relatives
Leisure time allows people to attend social occasions
It allows people to travel and visit friends and relatives
Leisure time can be used to enhance and acquire new skills and knowledge
Some people use leisure time to develop their talent and hobbies
Some people use their leisure time to engage in income generating activities
Leisure time can also be used for worshipping god.

b) Factors that lead people to misuse leisure in modern society

Lack of money – Most leisure activities are very expensive to afford
Lack of parental control
Bad company
Concentration of leisure activities in urban areas
Failure to vary and balance leisure
Lack of appropriate education and guidance films
Too much money leads to overindulgence
Social oppression and injustice may interfere with people’s freedom
Lack of guidance and counseling

5 a) Ways in which employers should show respect for the human dignity of

employees

-By paying them just wages
-By providing them with healthy and safe working conditions.
– By showing concern for their needs and problems
-By ensuring that the work assigned to workers is matched to their physical, mental and intellectual abilities.
-By ensuring that employees work for a reasonable number of hours with rest in between the hours
-By ensuring that employees get their annual leaves and holidays annuals leaves and holidays
-By being just fair and charitable to employees especially those in delicate conditions such as the bereaved the pregnant and the elderly
-By motivating workers, through promotions salary increments, praise for work done overtime payments and other benefits
-By ensuring there is freedom of expression and association at the work place
-By ensuring there is no form of harassment at the workplace.

b) Responsibilities of employees to employers

-To carry out their duties efficiently and to the best of their ability.
-To promote the success of the company, institution or organization
-To show respect and loyalty to the employer
-To observe the terms of contract according to the expectation of the employer’s property
-To show goodwill to the employer
-Increase in the gap between the rich and the poor
-Increase in crime and immorality
-Increase in HIV/AIDS infections, death and orphaned children
Emergence of slums in most urban areas
Insensitivity by the rich to the plight of the poor.

b) Factors that made people poor according to the traditional African communities

-Laziness, raids, sickness
-Lack of inheritance, natural calamities
-Curses from parents and relatives

c) Steps that a Christian can take to lessen the gap between the rich and the

poor.

-By urging the government to put in place price
-Control measures
-By urging the government to ensure equal development in all areas
-To co-operate with other workers for the welfare and success of the company of institution
-To avoid joining in strikes and go-slows in case of unreasonable demands
-To perform one’s duty with honesty, diligence and integrity
-To pray for the success of the employer and the other employees

d) The problems that self-employed people in Kenya today face

-Financial constraints
-Inability to identify proper markets for goods produced
-Lack of managerial skills
-stiff competition from firms dealing with similar products
-Theft and fire risks
-Poor marketing strategies
-attraction towards imported goods leading to the neglect of locally produced goods
-wrong advice from friends and relatives
-Lack of credit facilities
-High rent
-The temptation to overprice goods

a) How poverty is manifested in the society today

-Poor living conditions
Hopelessness and despair
-Inability to meet basic needs
-By ensuring fair distribution of land and other resources
-By urging the government to introduce fair tax systems base on one’ income
-by building homes for the aged and orphaned children
-by paying taxes
-By building homes for the jobless
-By providing education and vocational training to the poor
-By assisting the poor to access loans and other credit facilities
-By advocating for the application of values of hard work, love, justice, fairness integrity and honesty in work and business enterprises
-By avoiding corrupt practices
-By urging the government to be accountable to their citizens.
-By emulating Christ and the values he stood for.

K.C.S.E 2009 QUESTIONS

PAPER 1

a) From the Genesis stories of creation, outline seven teachings about human

beings. (7 mks)

b) with reference to the story of the fall of human beings in Genesis e, state

four effects of sin on Adam and Eve. (8mks)

c) How does the church help to bring back members who have fallen from

the faith? (5mks)

a) Explain four characteristics of a covenant demonstrated in the covenant

between God and Abraham (8mks)

b) Give seven similarities between the Jewish and traditional African practice

of circumcision. ( 7mks)

c) Identify five lessons that Christians learn about God from the call of

Abram. (5mks)

a) State seven functions of the Temple in the Jewish community. (7mks)
b) Identify six ways which show that King Solomon turned away from the

covenant way of life. (6mks)

c) Give seven factors that have led to the increase of Christian denominations

in Kenya today. (7mks)

a) Give four similarities between prophets in the Old Testament and

traditional African communities. (8mks)

b) Outline five teachings of Prophet Amos on the remnant and restoration of

the Israelites (Amos 9:8-15) (5 mks)

c) State the relevance of Prophet Amos teaching on election of Israel to

Christians in Kenya today. (7 mks)

a) State four promises that the Israelites made when they renewed their

covenant with God during the time of Nehemiah (10: 28-29) (8mks)

b) Identify five final reforms carried out by Nehemiah to restore the worship

of God in Judah. ( 5mks)

c) Write down seven problems that Christian leaders in Kenya face in their

work today. (7mks)

a) Outline six rituals performed during the birth of a baby in traditional

African Communities. (6mks)

b) Give six reasons why children are important in traditional African

communities. (6mks)

c) Explain four ways children are made responsible members in traditional

African communities. (8 mks)

PAPER 2

a) Outline the message of Prophet Isaiah about the Messiah. (8mks)
b) State six activities that took place when Jesus was born. (Luke 2:6-20)

(6mks)

c) Explain the importance of singing in a Christian service. (6mks)
a) Describe the incident when Jesus was rejected at Nazareth.

(Luke 4: 16-30) (7mks)

b) Give four reasons why Jesus faced opposition from the Pharisees in

Galilee. (Luke 5: 12-6:11) (8mks)

c) State five ways in which church leader can respond to those who oppose

them in their work. (5mks)

3 a) Identify five teachings that Jesus made to the guests at the Pharisees’

house. (Luke 14:15-24) (5mks)

b) Give four reasons why Jesus used the parable of the great feast in his

teachings. (Luke 14:15-24) (8mks)

c) Write down seven reasons why Christians take part in the Lords’ supper .

(7 mks)

4 a) Give seven reasons why Jesus sent the Holy Spirit to the disciples

after His ascension. (7mks)

b) Identify four teachings of Saint Paul on the similarities between the church

and husband-wife relationship. (Ephesians 5: 21-32)

c) State five ways in which Christians are able to identify those who

possess the gifts of the Holy spirit. (5mks)

5 a) Outline eight Christian teachings on work (8mks)

b) State the role of professional ethics in a work place. (6 mks)
c) Give six reasons why Christians should not involve themselves in gabling.

(6 mks)

ANSWERS TO K.C.S.E 2009

PAPER 1

Human beings were put in the Garden of Eden to till and keep it. They should respect God’s creation by cultivating and preserving it.
-Human beings are responsible beings. They were given free will – the right to choose
-Human beings are social beings. They were given free will- the right to choose
-Human beings are social beings. They require companionship, god gave Adam, Eve as a companion
-Both man and woman are equal in the eyes of God. The two depend on each other and therefore their relationship is complementary
-Human beings are superior to the rest of God’s creation. They were created in God’s own image and likeness. He took time to mould them unlike other creatures which he created by word of mouth
-Human beings were given dominion over God’s creation. They were also given ability to think.
-Work and leisure are God’s gifts to human kind. Like god, Human beings are expected to work in order to feed themselves
-Procreation is a command by god. Human beings are commanded “to fill the earth and multiply”
-Marriage was instituted by God at creation. He blessed it. It is for companionship, survival and continuity of the human race.
-god is the origin of everything on earth-man has a duty to take care of God’s creation and serve as a steward.
-Human beings were made to have fellowship with God meaning they are to communicate with God through worship.

-Human kind became mortal i.e. man could die
-God caused enmity between man and the serpent
-Man became target for evil and hardship
-Man was sent out of the garden
-Man experienced shame, guilt and fear
-The relationship between man and god was destroyed
-Increase of pain during child birth
-Language of man was confused leading to many laces

-Through outreach
-Through evangelism
-through revival meetings in the churches
-Through prayer
-Through prayer
-Through guidance and counseling
-Providing love and care

It has promises to be fulfilled
It was between two unequal parties
It was solemn/binding/permanent/long lasting
It was unconditional. It had an outside sign through sacrifice and rituals of animals.
It was initiated by god
It was voluntary whereby both parties were willing to enter into covenant/mutual

-In both it fostered a sense of belonging among the initiates
-In both there’re is shedding of blood
-In both animals are slaughtered to celebrate it
-Both involve the cutting off the foreskin
-In both it is held as a tradition passed from one generation to another
-In both, it is performed by a specialist
-In both it is compulsory
-In both, it is a symbol of unity with the community
-both joined the initiates to God and the ancestors
-It marked full membership into the community
-In both, circumcision gives those who undergo it privileges within their communities
-In both it is a mark of identity

Obedience to God is important
Faith in God is rewarding
God took the initiative to repair the broken relationship with man by calling Abraham showing his loving nature
Faith is best seen in actions
God always works through men of faith
GOD always works through men of faith
God communicates with people
One’s background cannot prevent God from working through and with an individual.

-It was a house of prayer
-Children were presented for dedication to god in the temple
-The teaching of the law was conducted in the temple
-The Jewish religious festivals/feasts e.g. The Passover were celebrated in the temple.
-The priests offered sacrifices or burnt incense to /God in the temple
-It was a religious centre for the Jews where they held meeting
-It was a place of pilgrimage for Jews living in Palestine’s and the Jews of Diaspora.
-It was the seat of the Jewish council Sanhedrin
-The ark of the covenant was kept in the temple
-It was a dwelling place for priests.

-By selling a part of the ancestral land to non Jews
-He was a tyrant fulfilling earlier warnings of Prophet Samuel of enslaving his people though forced labour and high taxes.
-He built temples of pagan gods to please his wives
-In his old age, he worshipped the idols of his wives breaking his father’s advice to obey the Mosaic Law.
-He killed his own half brother Adonijah
-He spent more years (13)building his own palace and only 7 years building the temple
-Solomon married many foreign princesses who brought with them the worship of foreign gods in Israel.

-Greed for money
-rigidity from the mainstream churches
-Leadership wrangles
-differences in interpretation of the Bible
-Influence from secularism
-freedom of worship
-excommunication from other churches
-dissatisfaction of the way of worship and doctrines
-Discrimination in terms of ethnicity, gender and racism

Both were god’s messengers because they acted as mediators between God and the people.
Both received divine calling, had unusual spiritual powers and were charismatic.
Both received god’s revelations through dreams and visions
Both, were consulted by people during crisis
They were religious experts so could offer sacrifices and prayers
Both groups provided religious, political and social guidance to the leaders in the communities
In both cases, they communicated god’s will to the people
They also warned people about impending disaster such as drought and war.

Remnant referred to the small groups that would survive gods punishment/destruction
He taught that those who repent sincerely would be spared.
Only sinners would perish
Through the remnants, God’s promises would be fulfilled and blessings would come to the Nation
After exile, Judah and Israel would be restored and reunited into the strong kingdom
The restored kingdom would enjoy material prosperity
Remnant would recover their homeland and rebuild their ruined cities and live forever
God would again be their god and they will be his people

-Christians are chosen by God to serve him
-Christians should obey god’s commandments
-Christians should act as role models
-Christians should lead holy lives
-Jesus came to deliver Christians from the bondage of sin
-Christians should not despise those who have not received salvation
-God would reject any Christian who fails him.

5 a)

– They would live according to God’s laws, obey all his commands and requirements

– Would not intermarry with foreigners neither buy corn or anything else from them.

Would cancel debts every seventh year
Would contribute annual temple expenses and ensure house of God is well kept
Would provide sacrifices and offerings for the temple and arrange for provisions of wood for burnt sacrifices according to the law
Would offer first of their harvest, dedicate their first born sons and flocks as required by law
They would pay their tithes in accordance with the law
They would keep the Sabbath day Holy.

(b)

Cleansing of the temple
The purification of priesthood and the office of the Levites
Restoration of the observance of the Sabbath
Nehemiah forbid intermarriages between the Israelites and the foreigners e.g. Moabites
He ensured that the Levites and singers were given their dues or tithes and appointed trustworthy people to be in charge of the stores and the contributions
Reinstatement of the Levites and the temple workers

(c)

Lack of co-operation from the congregation
Human desire/ sexual immorality
Hostility environment
Too much expectations from people
Temptation to act unjustly e.g. acquire property
Inadequate knowledge on how to deal with various groups g women/ youth/ choir/ rival groups
Too much time is expected from them
Feeling of despair/ unable to reach a large number of people
Inability to control the congregation
Confusion resulting from religious pluralism confusion from freedom of worship
Directive from the sate whereby they are required to give messages contrary to church teaching
Financial problems/ lack of enough funds

6.(a)

The father received praises
The church were given names
The mother and the baby were kept in seclusion
There was singing and dancing for a new live
The mother and the child were showered with gifts
The newborn was praised and blessed
There was feasting and celebration
There were ululation whose number was determined by the sex of the child and screams
The mothers hair was cut or shaven for cleansing
The placenta was buried

(b)

A child act as link between the ancestors and the living through naming
A child will inherit parents in old age
Girls are a source of wealth through bride wealth
Boys offer protection for community
A child acts like a seal to the marriage
Continuity of the clan and community
They acted as a source of labour

(c)

Educated on their roles and responsibilities by their mothers, grandmothers/ fathers, uncles ad aunts.
The young accompanied their mother/ father in their daily chores like fetching water and herding
Moral teachings through story telling, myths, riddles, proverbs
Correction of behaviour through punishment
Through apprenticeship/ imitation children learn from their seniors

ANSWERS TO PAPER 2

That the Messiah will be called wonderful counselor, mighty God and prince of peace
He foretold that God would raise a righteous branch from David who would reign as king
The messiah would bring forgiveness of sins through his death as a sacrifice
The messiah would suffer in order to accomplish God’s work, hence the title ‘the suffering servant of God’.
Isaiah foresaw that a young virgin would conceive and bear a son who would be called Emmanuel meaning God with us’.
The messiah would be simple, ordinary person whose success in doing the work and the will of God would surprise many
The servant of Yahweh would be despised, rejected and ignored by many.

He would be treated harshly, arrested, sentenced to death and executed in a shameful way

The anointed king would deliver the Israelites from their enemies and peace would prevail over the kingdom

(b)

An angel appeared to a group of shepherds and announced the good news of the birth of the saviour
A great army of angles appeared singing songs of praise to God
The shepherds rushed to Bethlehem where the angle had told them they would find the saviour lying in a manger
They found Jesus as they had been told
They praised and worshipped God
When Jesus was born, he was wrapped in swaddling clothes and laid in a manger

(c)

To praise God
To preach the word of God
It helps in evangelization
Through singing, the word of God reaches many people
Singing brings unity in the church
Christians grow spiritually and are able to serve God in a better way.
Christians worship God through singing

He went to the synagogue in Nazareth and was given the scroll of the book of Isaiah and he explained that the property that he had read that he was the promised messiah had been fulfilled in him
The Jews did not believe that Jesus was the messiah. They expected a political and military messiah nut Jesus was a spiritual messiah
The people knew Jesus as an ordinary man. He was the son of Joseph the carpenter and Mary the simple village girl.
The Jews did not expect the messiah to come from such a simple background.
Jesus challenged their disbelief by comparing them unfavorably with the despised Gentiles
Who accepted God’s prophets yet the Israelites rejected them
He explained that prophets are never accepted in their home areas

(b)

Because he claimed to be the messiah yet he did not deliver the Jews from their enemies as they expected the messiah to do.
Jesus attitude towards the Sabbath. He healed people on the Sabbath which was wrong according to them.
Jesus claim to have power to forgive sins which was blasphemy according to the Jews as they believed only God had the power to forgive sins
Jesus and his disciples failed to observe the law on fasting
Jesus’ association with tax collectors and sinners. Jesus befriended tax collectors and even accepted invitations to their houses
The popularity of Jesus especially because of the miracles he performed

(c)

They should continue to preach the Gospel
They should make rules that promote development and growth of the church
They should call upon those who oppose the gospel to repent and seek forgiveness from God
They should forgive those who oppose them overcome hostility
They should not fight back against their enemies

Jesus points out that those who were first invited may never enter the kingdom of God because they declined the invitation.
Jesus also teaches that to enter the kingdom of God one must give up everything including possessions and family
Jesus also shows his concern for the poor and the under privileged
Jesus is also encouraging people with resources to share their wealth with the poor
Jesus taught that those who humble themselves will be exalted but those who exalted themselves will be humbled
He told the people to refrain from taking places of honour when they are invited to a place, but rather take the lowest place and wait to be exalted

(b)

Those who received the invitations first will not enter the kingdom of God for they will make many excuses, so the invitation will be extended to others
It warns people against giving excuses why they cannot be part of God’s kingdom
So as to teach people not to value earthily possessions over being in the kingdom of God
He used the great feast to teach people about the heavenly banquet and the kind of people who will be present
The kingdom of God is universal and all are welcomed regardless of their historical background
Only those who are just will inherit the kingdom of God

(c)

They celebrate the last supper in remembrance of the death of Jesus Christ.
It unites Christians in expectations of his second coming
It is celebrated in recognition of Jesus’ self- empting love for humanity
It is a thanksgiving meal where Christians renew and rededicate themselves to God
The Celebration of the last supper is a constant reminder of Jesus presence among his followers
It is a symbol of the heavenly feast which Christians will partake of in God’s kingdom
It brings new life to Christians and renews their faith
The lord’s supper is an act of repentance through which Christians receive assurance of the forgiveness of sins

To act as a counselor. The holy spirit would comfort the followers of Jesus.
To teach and remind the disciples about everything that Jesus taught
To teach the disciples the truth of the gospel. Jesus is the way, the truth and the life
To help the disciples of Jesus to discern and expose the sinful secrets of people’s hearts
To give various gifts to the disciples
To encourage the disciples to withstand persecution on account of following Jesus
To enable the disciples witness about Jesus Christ throughout the world
So that the disciples would be able to prophesy to God’s people about what is yet to come

(b)

Christ loves the church just as the husband loves the wife unconditionally
Christians are united with Christ just as a wife and husband are united in marriage
The church has to submit to Christ just as the wife submits to her husband
Christians are to remain pure and holy through love and faith, just as the wife keeps her purity for her husband
Committed Christians will be taken to a new home ( heaven) just as the wife is taken home by the husband

(c)

A person who is led by the holy spirit confesses Jesus as Lord and saviour
One who is led by the holy spirit will not contradict biblical teachings
A person filled by the holy spirit is guided by sincerity and honesty
A person who is led by the holy spirit displays the fruit of the holy spirit such as love, joy, peace and kindness
A person under the influence of the holy spirit will act and behave in accordance with the teachings of Jesus

God initiated work and therefore man is bound to work in order to earn a living.
Work should be accompanied with rest.
Work is a duty. God commands human beings who work and bring the earth under control
Human beings glorify God through their work
Hard work is praised. Laziness is condemned.
God’s work of creation is good. Christians should try to produce good work
God blesses the work of those who are faithful to him and makes them profitable
Christians should work well and enjoy their work
Division of labour is encouraged in the bible
Christians should work for their daily needs rather than becoming a burden to others

(b)

They safeguard professionals against being compromised in their jobs hence enables them to maintain their jobs and personal integrity
They provide ways of dealing with errant members of the profession
They determine the expected levels of performance of a particular job because they provide measures for quality service
They define the criteria for admission into the profession and determine the promotion of members
They restore and enhance the confidence and trust of the public in a profession
They guide the relationships among members of a particular of profession
They act as a measure of competence

(c)

Sustain self – help groups by helping them to make products and market them thus creating job opportunities
It has set up youth polytechnics to provide vocational training
Are encouraging positive attitude towards all types of jobs
They are providing funds to start small scale income generating industries and projects
Have enhanced establishment of institutions which provide employment opportunities e.g. Schools and hospitals.
Are sponsoring people through scholarships and bursaries to enable them acquire the necessary skills for employment.
Employing people as pastors

Break of family ties as people migrated from rural to urban areas in search for employment
It has led to the commercialization of dowry which is important in the traditional African society
Creation of the gap between the rich and the poor
It has encouraged individualism

Dependency is great resented

There is the introduction of wage labour.
Money has led to emergence of vices e.g. bribery, corruption and robbery.
The destruction of the natural environment to create room for building projects and roads
Deterioration of cherished African values, customs and practices

(b)

Jesus taught that what is valuable is spiritual wealth and not material wealth
Christians should use their wealth to help the poor and the needy
Wealth can be a hindrance to salvation.
Wealth should be used to support the gospel and used to prepare for the heavenly inheritance
It is wrong to discriminate against others on the basis of material possessions
Wealth should be acquired in a just and honest way
Wealth can create a sense of false independence if one is not careful
Wealth is a blessing from God

(c)

It is not proper/ honest means to acquiring wealth
God has given man ability to acquire wealth
Gambling is sin, for wealth comes from God
Christians can lose money in gambling
Gambling can lead to addiction.
It can lead to family break ups

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Christian Religious Education CRE KCSE 2020/2021 Question

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