This topic entails the following:
- Growing or production of a vegetable crop form nursery establishment to harvesting
- Keep records of crop production.
- Market vegetable crop produce
- Give reasons or importance of growing vegetable crops.
- The vegetable crops include the following: Tomatoes, cabbages, onions, carots, kales.
The following relevant questions and their answers in this topic will greatly motivate and help the user to comprehend and understand the required concepts and practices:
- The diagram below is of a tomato plant. Study it and answer the questions that follow:-
- a) State three management practices that have not been carried on the plant above b) For each management practice state one reason why it should be carried out
- c) Name two diseases that attack the crop above in the field
- Describe the production of tomatoes (lycopersicon esculentum) under the following subheadings
- a) Varieties
- b) Nursery establishment
- c) Field management practices
- List four symptoms of late blight in tomatoes
- State any four factors considered when grading tomatoes for fresh market
- State two ways of controlling purple blotch in onions
- The following is an illustration of an infected tomato plant. Study it carefully and answer the
questions below:-
(a) Identify the disease which may have caused the condition shown in the illustration
(b) Name any other crop which may be affected by the disease identified in (a) above (c) Mention two other factors which can lead to the same condition as shown by the illustration
(d) State two measures that can be sued to control the disease named in (a) above
- Give two ways in which pruning helps to control diseases in tomatoes
- Outline four ecological requirements for cabbages
- a) Mention two pests which attack tomatoes
- b) Give two causes blossom end rot disease in tomatoes
- List three ecological requirements of tomatoes.
CROP PRODUCTION V
(VEGETABLES)
- a)three management practices that have not been carried on the plant above
- Pruning
- Staking
- Weed control 3x ½ = 1 ½ mks
- b) For each management practice state one reason why it should be carried out
- Pruning
- Staking – prevents lying on ground where fruits are soiled and get diseases
Easy movement in field 1x ½ = ½ mk
- Weeding – reduce competition for nutrients, water and space 1x ½ =1/2 mk
- c) Name two diseases that attack the crop above in the field
- Tomato blight
- Bacterial wilt
Blossom – end rot
- the production of tomatoes (lycopersicon esculentum) under the following subheadings
- a) Varieties
- fresh market e.g. money maker, beef eater, marglobe supermande
- processing varieties-cal –j, marzano, Kenya beauty (1/2×4=2mks)
- b) Nursery establishment
- select site and clear
- dig to remove weeds and narrow to fine tithe
- mark out nursery beds I wide with convenient length and level it
- make drills 10cm apart and crop seeds singly in furrows
- cover with thin layer of soil, mulching, water (1/2×4=2mks)
- c) Field management practices
- gabbing-to reduce dad seeds and maintain optimum plant population
- weed control-remove weeds mechanically to prevent competition avoid during flowering
- top dressing-use fertilizers at 20kg/ha when plants are 25-30cm tall
- staking-train plants to grow in desired shape; to produce clean fruits, control pests and disease
- pruning-to remove unwanted braches to input micro climate facilitate spraying
- pest control-use pesticides and other appropriate methods to control pests e.g. aneucal ball worm, leaf hopper
- disease control-use fungicides, legislative methods ,etc to control early blight, damping off, bacterial wilt (7×2=14mks)
- two symptoms of late blight in tomatoes.
– Rapid drying of leaves.
– Brownish dry rots of fruits.
– Destruction / drying of the whole plant.
- four factors to consider when grading tomatoes for fresh market.
– Size i.e. large, medium, small.
– Degree of ripeness of fruit.
– Damage of tomatoes e.g. bruises on skin.
– Shape of the fruit.
- Two ways of controlling purple blotch in onions
- Crop rotation
– Application of fungicides
- (a) The disease which may have caused the condition shown in the illustration
.Bacterial with (Pseudomonas solana cerum). ( ½ x 2 = 1mk)
(b) Any other crop which may be affected by the disease identified in (a) above
- Irish potatoes( ½ x 2 = 1mk)
(c) Two other factors which can lead to the same condition as shown by the illustration
- Nematode attack
- Lack of water
- Physical damage on the roots/male attack ( ½ x 2 = 1mk)
(d) Two measures that can be sued to control the disease named in (a) above
- Crop rotation
- Regueing /field hygiene
– Use of certified seeds
- -Enables efficient coverage of plant with chemicals
- Creates unfavorable micro climate for disease causing organism
- Diseased branches are removed hence reduced incidences of disease spread
Remove branches touching the ground to avoid infection
- – Altitude – 900-2900 meters above sea level
– Rainfall – well distributed throughout the growing period
– 750mm – 2000 mm per annum
– practice irrigation
– Soils – well drained
– Deep rich
– Slightly acidic PH of 6.5
- a)
- American boll worm
- Cut worm
- Red spider mite
- Nematodes
- b) Lack of calcium
- Irregular watering
- Excessive application of Nitrogen in early stages of the plants growth
10
- Altitude 0 – 2100m above sea level.
- Temperature range 18 – 29º C
- Sunlight is important during ripening to give the tomatoes a bright red or yellow colour depending on the variety
- Rainfall – well distributed during the growing season. (760 – 1300mm pa)
- Soils – warm and well drained soils with a PH of 5.5 – 7.0